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The history of the Vaillant Group dates back to 1874, when Johann Vaillant set up a master fitter's business. In 1894 Johann Vaillant patented a new "closed-system" gas-fired bathroom boiler. [3] This was the first device that made it possible to heat water hygienically, without contaminating it with combustion gases.
The only railway use of water-tube boilers in any numbers was the Brotan boiler, invented by Johann Brotan in Austria in 1902, and found in rare examples throughout Europe, although Hungary was a keen user and had around 1,000 of them. Like the Baldwin, it combined a water-tube firebox with a fire-tube barrel.
An O-type boiler is a form of water-tube boiler. It is named, like the D-type and A-type boilers , from the approximate shape of its tubes. They are characterised by single steam and water drums vertically above each other, with curved vertical water tubes to the sides forming an overall cylindrical volume.
Boiler water is treated to prevent scaling, corrosion, foaming, and priming. Chemicals are put into boiler water through the chemical feed tank to keep the water within chemical range. These chemicals are mostly oxygen scavengers and phosphates. The boiler water also has frequent blowdowns in order to keep the chloride content down.
A steam drum is a standard feature of a water-tube boiler. It is a reservoir of water/steam at the top end of the water tubes. The drum stores the steam generated in the water tubes and acts as a phase-separator for the steam/water mixture. The difference in densities between hot and cold water helps in the accumulation of the "hotter"-water ...
The pressure on a pressure-temperature diagram (such as the water phase diagram shown above) is the partial pressure of the substance in question. A phase diagram in physical chemistry , engineering , mineralogy , and materials science is a type of chart used to show conditions (pressure, temperature, etc.) at which thermodynamically distinct ...
A steam boiler evaporates liquid water to form steam, or gaseous water, and requires frequent replenishment of boiler feedwater for the continuous production of steam required by most boiler applications. Water is a capable solvent, and will dissolve small amounts of solids from piping and containers including the boiler.
Thermodynamic diagrams are diagrams used to represent the thermodynamic states of a material (typically fluid) and the consequences of manipulating this material. For instance, a temperature– entropy diagram ( T–s diagram ) may be used to demonstrate the behavior of a fluid as it is changed by a compressor.