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For example, based on the PADI nitrox recommendations, the maximum operating depth for EAN45 would be 21 metres (69 ft) and the maximum dive time available at this depth even with EAN36 is nearly 1 hour 15 minutes: a diver with a breathing rate of 20 litres per minute using twin 10-litre, 230-bar (about double 85 cu. ft.) cylinders would have ...
Oxygen compatibility is the issue of compatibility of materials for service in high concentrations of oxygen. It is a critical issue in space, aircraft, medical, underwater diving and industrial applications.
Argox, or half-argox/half-nitrox is a possible oxygen mixture for human exploration of Mars due to the relative abundance of argon in the Martian atmosphere.The Martian atmosphere is composed of approximately: 95% CO 2, 1.9% argon, 1.9% nitrogen.
Tidal volume increases by 30–40%, from 0.5 to 0.7 litres, [9] and minute ventilation by 30–40% [9] [10] giving an increase in pulmonary ventilation. This is necessary to meet the increased oxygen requirement of the body, which reaches 50 ml/min, 20 ml of which goes to reproductive tissues. Overall, the net change in maximum breathing ...
Lowering the oxygen content of a breathing gas mixture increases the maximum operating depth and duration of the dive before which oxygen toxicity becomes a limiting factor. Most trimix divers limit their working oxygen partial pressure [PO 2 ] to 1.4 bar and may reduce the P O 2 further to 1.3 bar or 1.2 bar depending on the depth, the ...
"Tx 20/40" (or Tx 20/40/40) would be a trimix blend with 20% oxygen, 40% helium and the remaining 40% nitrogen. This would be suitable for depths up to 60 metres (200 ft) if the partial pressure of oxygen is to be limited to 1.4 bar. This is a normoxic blend and is safe to use at the surface.
A diver with a RMV of 40 L/min at 50 msw (6 bar) for 10 minutes will consume 40 × 6 × 10 = 2400 litres of free air – the full capacity of a 12-litre 200 bar cylinder. Imperial examples: A diver with a SAC of 0.5 cfm (cubic feet per minute) at 100 fsw (4 ata) will consume 0.5 × 4 × 1 = 2 cfm surface equivalent.
Oxygen toxicity is a catastrophic hazard in scuba diving, because a seizure results in high risk of death by drowning. [40] [73] The seizure may occur suddenly and with no warning symptoms. [19] The effects are sudden convulsions and unconsciousness, during which victims can lose their regulator and drown.