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Control loop feedback mechanism. A proportional–integral–derivative controller(PID controlleror three-term controller) is a feedback-based control loopmechanism commonly used to manage machines and processes that require continuous control and automatic adjustment.
Pseudocode. In computer science, pseudocode is a description of the steps in an algorithm using a mix of conventions of programming languages (like assignment operator, conditional operator, loop) with informal, usually self-explanatory, notation of actions and conditions. [ 1 ][ 2 ] Although pseudocode shares features with regular programming ...
Solution of a travelling salesman problem: the black line shows the shortest possible loop that connects every red dot. In the theory of computational complexity, the travelling salesman problem (TSP) asks the following question: "Given a list of cities and the distances between each pair of cities, what is the shortest possible route that visits each city exactly once and returns to the ...
The Boyer–Moore majority vote algorithm is an algorithm for finding the majority of a sequence of elements using linear time and a constant number of words of memory. It is named after Robert S. Boyer and J Strother Moore, who published it in 1981, [1] and is a prototypical example of a streaming algorithm. In its simplest form, the algorithm ...
Hopcroft–Karp algorithm. In computer science, the Hopcroft–Karp algorithm (sometimes more accurately called the Hopcroft–Karp–Karzanov algorithm) [ 1 ] is an algorithm that takes a bipartite graph as input and produces a maximum-cardinality matching as output — a set of as many edges as possible with the property that no two edges ...
A demo of Graham's scan to find a 2D convex hull. Graham's scan is a method of finding the convex hull of a finite set of points in the plane with time complexity O (n log n). It is named after Ronald Graham, who published the original algorithm in 1972. [1] The algorithm finds all vertices of the convex hull ordered along its boundary.
Literate Programming by Donald Knuth is the seminal book on literate programming.. Literate programming is a programming paradigm introduced in 1984 by Donald Knuth in which a computer program is given as an explanation of how it works in a natural language, such as English, interspersed (embedded) with snippets of macros and traditional source code, from which compilable source code can be ...
Las Vegas algorithms were introduced by László Babai in 1979, in the context of the graph isomorphism problem, as a dual to Monte Carlo algorithms. [3] Babai [4] introduced the term "Las Vegas algorithm" alongside an example involving coin flips: the algorithm depends on a series of independent coin flips, and there is a small chance of failure (no result).