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Richter's transformation (RT), also known as Richter's syndrome, is the conversion of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or its variant, small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL), into a new and more aggressively malignant disease. [1] CLL is the circulation of malignant B lymphocytes with or without the infiltration of these cells into lymphatic or ...
Hematology. The term leukemoid reaction describes an increased white blood cell count (> 50,000 cells/μL), which is a physiological response to stress or infection (as opposed to a primary blood malignancy, such as leukemia ). It often describes the presence of immature cells such as myeloblasts or red blood cells with nuclei in the peripheral ...
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( CLL) is a type of cancer in which the bone marrow makes too many lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell ). [2] [8] Early on, there are typically no symptoms. [2] Later, non-painful lymph node swelling, feeling tired, fever, night sweats, or weight loss for no clear reason may occur.
Spherocytosis is the presence of spherocytes in the blood, i.e. erythrocytes ( red blood cells) that are sphere-shaped rather than bi-concave disk shaped as normal. Spherocytes are found in all hemolytic anemias to some degree. Hereditary spherocytosis and autoimmune hemolytic anemia are characterized by having only spherocytes.
A complete blood count ( CBC ), also known as a full blood count ( FBC ), is a set of medical laboratory tests that provide information about the cells in a person's blood. The CBC indicates the counts of white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets, the concentration of hemoglobin, and the hematocrit (the volume percentage of red blood ...
Hyperviscosity syndrome. Hyperviscosity syndrome is a group of symptoms triggered by an increase in the viscosity of the blood. Symptoms of high blood viscosity include spontaneous bleeding from mucous membranes, visual disturbances due to retinopathy, and neurologic symptoms ranging from headache and vertigo to seizures and coma .
Polychromasia is a disorder where there is an abnormally high number of immature red blood cells found in the bloodstream as a result of being prematurely released from the bone marrow during blood formation ( poly - refers to many, and -chromasia means color .) These cells are often shades of grayish-blue. Polychromasia is usually a sign of ...
Aggressive NK-cell leukemia (ANKL) is a lymphoid leukemia that is a deficiency NK cells. Not very much is known about this disease due to its rarity, but it is highly aggressive. A majority of patients with NK cell leukemia die within a year of diagnosis, and for ANKL in particular, half of patients die within two months.