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0.2 and 9 per 1,000 (FAS) Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders ( FASDs) are a group of conditions that can occur in a person who is exposed to alcohol during gestation, as a result of their mother drinking alcohol during pregnancy. [1] The several forms of the condition (in order of most severe to least severe) are: fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS ...
Up to 1 in 20 U.S. children live with brain damage caused by prenatal alcohol exposure. Their teachers, doctors and even parents don't always know.
Ophthalmology. Retinopathy of prematurity ( ROP ), also called retrolental fibroplasia ( RLF) and Terry syndrome, is a disease of the eye affecting prematurely born babies generally having received neonatal intensive care, in which oxygen therapy is used because of the premature development of their lungs. [2]
Ophthalmology. Toxic and nutritional optic neuropathy is a group of medical disorders defined by visual impairment due to optic nerve damage secondary to a toxic substance and/or nutritional deficiency. The causes of these disorders are various, but they are linked by shared signs and symptoms, which this article will describe.
628,000 (2015) [9] A birth defect, also known as a congenital disorder, is an abnormal condition that is present at birth regardless of its cause. [3] Birth defects may result in disabilities that may be physical, intellectual, or developmental. [3] The disabilities can range from mild to severe. [7]
Developmental toxicity is any developmental malformation that is caused by the toxicity of a chemical or pathogen. It is the structural or functional alteration, reversible or irreversible, which interferes with homeostasis, normal growth, differentiation, development or behavior. Developmental toxicity is caused by environmental insult, which ...
The brain is a major target for the actions of alcohol, and heavy alcohol consumption has long been associated with brain damage. Studies clearly indicate that alcohol is neurotoxic, with direct effects on nerve cells. Chronic alcohol abusers are at additional risk for brain injury from related causes, such as poor nutrition, liver disease, and ...
Ophthalmology. Recurrent corneal erosion is a disorder of the eyes characterized by the failure of the cornea 's outermost layer of epithelial cells to attach to the underlying basement membrane ( Bowman's layer ). The condition is excruciatingly painful because the loss of these cells results in the exposure of sensitive corneal nerves.
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