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A lithium-ion or Li-ion battery is a type of rechargeable battery that uses the reversible intercalation of Li + ions into electronically conducting solids to store energy. In comparison with other commercial rechargeable batteries, Li-ion batteries are characterized by higher specific energy, higher energy density, higher energy efficiency, a longer cycle life, and a longer calendar life.
1973: Adam Heller proposed the lithium thionyl chloride battery, still used in implanted medical devices and in defense systems where a greater than 20-year shelf life, high energy density, and/or tolerance for extreme operating temperatures are required. [ 13 ] However, this battery employs unsafe lithium metal and was not rechargeable.
The term "lithium battery" refers to a family of different lithium-metal chemistries, comprising many types of cathodes and electrolytes but all with metallic lithium as the anode. The battery requires from 0.15 to 0.3 kg (5 to 10 oz) of lithium per kWh. As designed these primary systems use a charged cathode, that being an electro-active ...
The lithium–sulfur battery (Li–S battery) is a type of rechargeable battery. It is notable for its high specific energy. [2] The low atomic weight of lithium and moderate atomic weight of sulfur means that Li–S batteries are relatively light (about the density of water). They were used on the longest and highest-altitude unmanned solar ...
Lithium–silicon battery. Lithium–silicon batteries are lithium-ion batteries that employ a silicon -based anode, and lithium ions as the charge carriers. [1] Silicon based materials, generally, have a much larger specific capacity, for example, 3600 mAh/g for pristine silicon. [2] The standard anode material graphite is limited to a maximum ...
The Nissan Leaf (first generation) is a compact car that was manufactured by Japanese automaker Nissan Motor Company from 2010 to 2017. A battery electric vehicle, its name stylised as LEAF and serves as a backronym to " l eading e nvironmentally-friendly a ffordable f amily car." It is the world's first series-produced battery electric ...
Panasonic 18650 batteries inside a laptop. Each cell has a capacity of 2450 mAh. An 18650 battery[1] or 1865 cell[2] is a cylindrical lithium-ion battery common in electronic devices. The batteries measure 18 mm (0.71 in) in diameter by 65 mm (2.56 in) in length, giving them the name 18650. [3] The battery comes in many nominal voltages ...
Recycling is extremely vital to limiting the environmental impacts of lithium-ion batteries. By recycling the batteries, emissions and energy consumption can be reduced as less lithium would need to be mined and processed. [22] The EPA has guidelines regarding recycling lithium batteries in the U.S.