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Propaganda presented him as Lenin's heir, exaggerating their relationship, until the Stalin cult drained out the Lenin cult – an effect shown in posters, where at first Lenin would be the dominating figure over Stalin, but as time went on became first only equal, and then smaller and more ghostly, until he was reduced to the byline on the ...
Lenin and Joseph Stalin were the preferred subjects, although almost all of Stalin's images and monuments were removed and/or destroyed after his death in 1953. Kukryniksy were three propaganda caricaturists / cartoonists , who attacked all enemies of the Soviet Union.
Defector Ion Mihai Pacepa claimed Joseph Stalin coined the term, giving it a French-sounding name to claim it had a Western origin. [5] Russian use began with a "special disinformation office" in 1923. [2] Disinformation was defined in Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1952) as "false information with the intention to deceive public opinion". [5] [6] [1]
Before 1932, most Soviet propaganda posters showed Lenin and Stalin together. [7] This propaganda was embraced by Stalin, who made use of their relationship in speeches to the proletariat, stating Lenin was "the great teacher of the proletarians of all nations" and subsequently identifying himself with the proletarians by their kinship as ...
Propaganda poster of Lenin and Stalin. After Vladimir Lenin's death in 1924 and the exile of Leon Trotsky, Joseph Stalin came to embody the Soviet Union. Once Lenin's cult of personality had risen in power, creating enough influence, Stalin integrated his ideals into his own cult. [138]
[7]: 11 The earliest propaganda posters in Soviet Russia appeared in August 1918 [7]: 11 and focused on the Russian Civil War, with this remaining the primary subject until 1921. [4] Between 1919 and 1921, the Russian Telegraph Agency produced ROSTA windows, posters which featured simplified cartoons and short pieces of text or mottoes. [8]
The term, which dates back to the 1920s, includes operations such as espionage, propaganda, sabotage and assassination, based on foreign policy objectives of the Soviet and Russian governments. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Active measures have continued to be used by the administration of Vladimir Putin .
Bolshevik Leon Trotsky (who led the leftist opposition to Stalin) referred to the lectures in The Permanent Revolution as "ideological garbage", "an official manual of narrow-mindedness" and "an anthology of enumerated banalities", [5] characterizing them as part of a propaganda campaign by Zinoviev, Bukharin, and Kamenev.