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The Russian Partition (red), the Austrian Partition (green), and the Prussian Partition (blue) The Prussian Partition ( Polish : Zabór pruski ), or Prussian Poland , is the former territories of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth acquired during the Partitions of Poland , in the late 18th century by the Kingdom of Prussia . [ 1 ]
The second partition of Poland; a study in diplomatic history (1915) online; Lukowski, Jerzy. The Partitions of Poland 1772, 1793, 1795 (1998); online review; McLean, Thomas. The Other East and Nineteenth-Century British Literature: Imagining Poland and the Russian Empire (Palgrave Macmillan, 2012) pp. 14–40.
The first Russian partition took place in the late 17th century when the forced Treaty of Andrusovo signed in 1667 granted Russia the Commonwealth's territory in the Eastern Ukraine. [3] Under the Third Partition of Poland Russia acquired Courland, all Lithuanian territory east of the Nieman River, and the remaining parts of Volhynian Ukraine.
Prussia had acquired the City of Danzig in the course of the Second Partition of Poland in 1793. After the defeat of King Frederick William III of Prussia at the 1806 Battle of Jena–Auerstedt , according to the Franco-Prussian Treaty of Tilsit of 9 July 1807, the territory of the free state was carved out from lands that made up part of the ...
At the same time he built up Prussia's military power and participated in the First Partition of Poland with Austria and Russia in 1772, an act that geographically connected the Brandenburg territories with those of Prussia proper. The partition also added Polish Royal Prussia to the kingdom, allowing Frederick to re-style himself King of Prussia.
Austria acquired Polish lands during the First Partition of 1772, and Third Partition of Poland in 1795. [1] In the end, the Austrian sector encompassed the second-largest share of the Commonwealth's population after Russia; [ note 1 ] over 2.65 million people living on 128,900 km 2 (49,800 sq mi) of land constituting the formerly south-central ...
The borders of Poland resembled the borders of the German-Russian gains in World War 2, with the exception of the city of Bialystok. This is called the Curzon line. The small area of Trans-Olza , which had been annexed by Poland in late 1938, was returned to Czechoslovakia on Stalin's orders.
In the second partition, Prussia had received 58,000 km 2 and about 1 million people. In the third, similar to the second, Prussia gained 55,000 km 2 and 1 million people. Overall, Prussia had gained about 20 percent of the former Commonwealth territory (149 000 km 2) and about 23 percent of the population (2.6 million people). [1]