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In economics, income distribution covers how a country's total GDP is distributed amongst its population. [1] Economic theory and economic policy have long seen income and its distribution as a central concern. Unequal distribution of income causes economic inequality which is a concern in almost all countries around the world. [2] [3]
Redistribution of income and wealth is the transfer of income and wealth (including physical property) from some individuals to others through a social mechanism such as taxation, welfare, public services, land reform, monetary policies, confiscation, divorce or tort law. [1]
Lower middle income 51.3 2018 51.27 2019 Albania: Southern Europe: Upper middle income 29.4 2020 29.42 2020 Andorra: Southern Europe: High income 27.96 2016 United Arab Emirates: Western Asia: High income 26.4 2018 25.97 2019 Argentina: South America: Upper middle income 40.7 2022 37.80 2022 Armenia: Western Asia: Upper middle income
Economic inequality is an umbrella term for a) income inequality or distribution of income (how the total sum of money paid to people is distributed among them), b) wealth inequality or distribution of wealth (how the total sum of wealth owned by people is distributed among the owners), and c) consumption inequality (how the total sum of money spent by people is distributed among the spenders).
Equity, or economic equality, is the construct, concept or idea of fairness in economics and justice in the distribution of wealth, resources, and taxation within a society. . Equity is closely tied to taxation policies, welfare economics, and the discussions of public finance, influencing how resources are allocated among different segments of the populati
Studies have also highlighted that federal income tax rates aren't as equitable ... "Accounting for sophisticated evasion increases unreported income of the top 1% of the income distribution in ...
[27]: 2 CBO found income distribution over a multi-year period "modestly" more equal than annual income, [27]: 4 confirming earlier studies. [263] According to Noah, adjusting for demographic factors such as increasing age and smaller households, indicates that income inequality is less extreme but growing faster than without the adjustment.
The Lorenz curve is a probability plot (a P–P plot) comparing the distribution of a variable against a hypothetical uniform distribution of that variable. It can usually be represented by a function L ( F ), where F , the cumulative portion of the population, is represented by the horizontal axis, and L , the cumulative portion of the total ...