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In linguistics, a grapheme is the smallest functional unit of a writing system. [1] The word grapheme is derived from Ancient Greek gráphō ('write'), and the suffix -eme by analogy with phoneme and other emic units. The study of graphemes is called graphemics. The concept of graphemes is abstract and similar to the notion in computing of a ...
A phoneme may be represented only by some combination or string of graphemes, the same phoneme may be represented by more than one distinct grapheme, the same grapheme may stand for more than one phoneme, or some combination of all of the above. Segmental scripts may be further divided according to the types of phonemes they typically record:
Graphemics or graphematics is the linguistic study of writing systems and their basic components, i.e. graphemes.. At the beginning of the development of this area of linguistics, Ignace Gelb coined the term grammatology for this discipline; [1] later some scholars suggested calling it graphology [2] to match phonology, but that name is traditionally used for a pseudo-science.
Kinds of emic units are generally denoted by terms with the suffix -eme, such as phoneme, grapheme, and morpheme. The term "emic unit" is defined by Nöth (1995) to mean "an invariant form obtained from the reduction of a class of variant forms to a limited number of abstract units". [2] The variant forms are called etic units (from phonetic).
Orthography comprises the rules and conventions for writing a given language, [40] including how its graphemes are understood to correspond with speech. In some orthographies, there is a one-to-one correspondence between phonemes and graphemes, as in Serbian and Finnish. [41] These are known as shallow orthographies.
In an ideal phonemic orthography, there would be a complete one-to-one correspondence between the graphemes (letters) and the phonemes of the language, and each phoneme would invariably be represented by its corresponding grapheme. So the spelling of a word would unambiguously and transparently indicate its pronunciation, and conversely, a ...
‘The View’ Co-host Rages At America's Name: ‘Why Is It Named After A White Man?’ "The View" co-host Alyssa Farah Griffin praised Donald Trump's media strategy during the show on Monday.
A grapheme is the basic functional unit of a writing system. Graphemes are generally defined as minimally significant elements which, when taken together, comprise the set of symbols from which texts may be constructed. [14] All writing systems require a set of defined graphemes, collectively called a script. [15]