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Fat necrosis is necrosis affecting fat tissue (adipose tissue). [1] The term is well-established in medical terminology despite not denoting a specific pattern of necrosis. [ 2 ] Fat necrosis may result from various injuries to adipose tissue, including: physical trauma, enzymatic digestion of adipocytes by lipases , [ 3 ] radiation therapy ...
Recurrent ulceration and fat necrosis is associated with lipodermatosclerosis. In advanced lipodermatosclerosis the proximal leg swells from chronic venous obstruction and the lower leg shrinks from chronic ulceration and fat necrosis resulting in the inverted coke bottle appearance of the lower leg.
The exact cause of this condition is not known, but it involves collagen degeneration and a granulomatous response in the layer of the skin called the dermis, often affecting the deeper fat layer and thickening dermal blood vessels. Diagnosis is confirmed through a skin biopsy showing inflammatory cell infiltrate and necrotising vasculitis.
Caseous necrosis in T.B. is most common site of dystrophic calcification. Liquefactive necrosis in chronic abscesses may get calcified. Fat necrosis following acute pancreatitis or traumatic fat necrosis in breasts results in deposition of calcium soaps. Infarcts may undergo D.C. Thrombi, especially in veins, may produce phleboliths.
Panniculitis is a group of diseases whose hallmark is inflammation of subcutaneous adipose tissue (the fatty layer under the skin – panniculus adiposus). [1] Symptoms include tender skin nodules, and systemic signs such as weight loss and fatigue.
Micrograph of necrotizing fasciitis, showing necrosis (center of image) of the dense connective tissue, i.e. fascia, interposed between fat lobules (top-right and bottom-left of image), H&E stain Early diagnosis is difficult, as the disease often first appears like a simple superficial skin infection . [ 4 ]
Specifically, Touton giant cells are found in lipid-rich lesions such as those of fat necrosis, xanthoma, xanthelasma and xanthogranulomas. Touton giant cells are also referred to as xanthelasmatic cells due to the fact they are found in lesions associated with xanthomas which are skin growths with yellow, lipid filled deposits.
In addition to poor circulation, neuropathy, and difficulty moving, factors that contribute to chronic wounds include systemic illnesses, age, and repeated trauma.The genetic skin disorders collectively known as epidermolysis bullosa display skin fragility and a tendency to develop chronic, non-healing wounds. [12]