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A power inverter, inverter, or invertor is a power electronic device or circuitry that changes direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC). [1] The resulting AC frequency obtained depends on the particular device employed. Inverters do the opposite of rectifiers which were originally large electromechanical devices converting AC to DC. [2]
A high-quality modern grid-tie inverter has a fixed unity power factor, which means its output voltage and current are perfectly lined up, and its phase angle is within 1° of the AC power grid. The inverter has an internal computer that senses the current AC grid waveform, and outputs a voltage to correspond with the grid.
An AC-AC converter with approximately sinusoidal input currents and bidirectional power flow can be realized by coupling a pulse-width modulation (PWM) rectifier and a PWM inverter to the DC-link. The DC-link quantity is then impressed by an energy storage element that is common to both stages, which is a capacitor C for the voltage DC-link or ...
By definition, the logical effort g of an inverter is 1. If the inverter drives an equivalent inverter, the electrical effort h is also 1. The parasitic delay p of an inverter is also 1 (this can be found by considering the Elmore delay model of the inverter). Therefore, the total normalised delay of an inverter driving an equivalent inverter is
The hex inverter is an integrated circuit that contains six inverters. For example, the 7404 TTL chip which has 14 pins and the 4049 CMOS chip which has 16 pins, 2 of which are used for power/referencing, and 12 of which are used by the inputs and outputs of the six inverters (the 4049 has 2 pins with no connection).
A schematic of a simple 3-inverter ring oscillator whose output frequency is 1/(6×inverter delay). A ring oscillator is a device composed of an odd number of NOT gates in a ring, whose output oscillates between two voltage levels, representing true and false. The NOT gates, or inverters, are attached in a chain and the output of the last ...
This results in increased speed, reduced power, smaller area, and potentially lower fabrication cost. For example, a 2-1 AOI gate can be constructed with 6 transistors in CMOS, compared to 10 transistors using a 2-input NAND gate (4 transistors), an inverter (2 transistors), and a 2-input NOR gate (4 transistors).
The capacitor C 1 is used to transfer energy. It is connected alternately to the input and to the output of the converter via the commutation of the transistor and the diode (see figures 2 and 3). The two inductors L 1 and L 2 are used to convert respectively the input voltage source (V s) and the output voltage (V o) into current sources. At a ...