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DMPA, under brand names such as Depo-Provera and Depo-SubQ Provera 104, is used in hormonal birth control as a long-lasting progestogen-only injectable contraceptive to prevent pregnancy in women. [ 38 ] [ 39 ] It is given by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection and forms a long-lasting depot , from which it is slowly released over a period ...
Medroxyprogesterone acetate (brand names Depo-Provera, Provera, Depo-subQ Provera 104) [4] – 150 mg (intramuscularly) or 104 mg (subcutaneously) every 3 months [3] Norethisterone enanthate (brand names NET EN, Noristerat, Norigest, Doryxas) [ 5 ] – 200 mg (intramuscularly) every 2 months [ 3 ]
Depot MPA (DMPA) and EC/MPA were developed by Upjohn in the 1960s. [12] [13] DMPA (brand name Depo-Provera) was introduced for use as a progestogen-only injectable contraceptive for the first time outside of the United States in 1969 and was subsequently approved for use in birth control in the United States in 1992.
CICs are different from progestogen-only injectable contraceptives (POICs), such as depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA; brand names Depo-Provera, Depo-SubQ Provera 104) and norethisterone enantate (NETE; brand name Noristerat), which are not combined with an estrogen and are given once every two to three months instead of once a month. [2]
Progesterone interacts with membrane progesterone receptors, but interaction of progestins with these receptors is less clear. [165] [166] In addition to their progestogenic activity, many progestogens have off-target activities such as androgenic, antiandrogenic, estrogenic, glucocorticoid, and antimineralocorticoid activity. [1] [2] [47]
The first progestogen-only contraceptive was introduced in 1969: Depo-Provera, a high-dose progestin injection. [54] Over the next decade and a half, other types of progestogen-only contraceptive were developed: a low-dose progestogen only pill (1973); [ 55 ] Progestasert, the first hormonal intrauterine device (1976); [ 56 ] and Norplant , the ...
Medroxyprogesterone, also known as 6α-methyl-17α-hydroxyprogesterone or as 6α-methyl-17α-hydroxypregn-4-en-3,20-dione, is a synthetic pregnane steroid and a derivative of progesterone.
Depo-Provera is used by 2.9%, primarily younger women (7.5% of those 15-19 and about 4.5% of those 20–30). [78] A 2013 Lancet systematic literature review found that among reproductive aged women in a marriage or union, 66% worldwide and 77% in the United States use contraception.