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The grandmother cell hypothesis is an extreme version of the idea of sparseness, [22] [5] and is not without critics. The opposite of the grandmother cell theory is the distributed representation theory, that states that a specific stimulus is coded by its unique pattern of activity over a large group of neurons widely distributed in the brain.
This was the basis of his first paper, which went against Laplace’s theories, as Ferrel believed he had ignored second order terms. [2] In 1854, Ferrel set up a school in his new home, Nashville, Tennessee. [2] In 1858, he took up a full-time position on the staff of American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
By reactivating these cells by physical means in mice, such as shining light on neurons affected by optogenetics, a long-term fear-related memory appears to be recalled. [ 10 ] Another study used optogenetics and chemogenetics to control neuronal activity in animals encoding and recalling the memory of a spatial context to investigate how the ...
The fourth compartment contains the nucleus and is a continuation of the IS region, known as the nuclear region. Finally, the fifth compartment is the synaptic region, where it acts as a final terminal for the signal, consisting of synaptic vesicles. In this region, glutamate neurotransmitter is transmitted from the cell to secondary neuron cells.
Physiological psychology studies many topics relating to the body's response to a behavior or activity in an organism. [3] It concerns the brain cells, structures, components, and chemical interactions that are involved in order to produce actions. [4]
The term ontogeny has also been used in cell biology to describe the development of various cell types within an organism. [4] Ontogeny is a useful field of study in many disciplines, including developmental biology , cell biology , genetics , developmental psychology , developmental cognitive neuroscience , and developmental psychobiology .
The Hadley cell, also known as the Hadley circulation, is a global-scale tropical atmospheric circulation that features air rising near the equator, flowing poleward near the tropopause at a height of 12–15 km (7.5–9.3 mi) above the Earth's surface, cooling and descending in the subtropics at around 25 degrees latitude, and then returning ...
Brain cells make up the functional tissue of the brain. The rest of the brain tissue is the structural stroma that includes connective tissue such as the meninges, blood vessels, and ducts. The two main types of cells in the brain are neurons, also known as nerve cells, and glial cells, also known as neuroglia. [1]