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The camera obscura was known to the ancient Chinese, and was described by the Han Chinese polymath Shen Kuo in his scientific book Dream Pool Essays, published in the year 1088 C.E. Aristotle had discussed the basic principle behind it in his Problems, but Alhazen's work contained the first clear description of camera obscura.
The work of Ibn al-Haytham on optics, circulated through Latin translations, played a significant role in inspiring notable individuals such as Witelo, John Peckham, Roger Bacon, Leonardo da Vinci, René Descartes, and Johannes Kepler. [2] The Camera Obscura was used as a drawing aid since at least around 1550.
View from the Window at Le Gras 1826 or 1827, believed to be the earliest surviving camera photograph. [1] Original (left) and colorized reoriented enhancement (right).. The history of photography began with the discovery of two critical principles: The first is camera obscura image projection; the second is the discovery that some substances are visibly altered by exposure to light. [2]
Sir John Frederick William Herschel, 1st Baronet KH FRS (/ ˈ h ɜːr ʃ əl, ˈ h ɛər-/; [2] 7 March 1792 – 11 May 1871) [1] was an English polymath active as a mathematician, astronomer, chemist, inventor and experimental photographer who invented the blueprint [3] [4] [5] and did botanical work.
Alexander Graham Bell (/ ˈ ɡ r eɪ. ə m /; born Alexander Bell; March 3, 1847 – August 2, 1922) [4] was a Scottish-born [N 1] Canadian-American inventor, scientist, and engineer who is credited with patenting the first practical telephone.
1911 – Superconductivity is discovered by Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, who was studying the resistivity of solid mercury at cryogenic temperatures using the recently discovered liquid helium as a refrigerant. At the temperature of 4.2 K, he observed that the resistivity abruptly disappeared.
His work influenced that of William Herschel, Hermann von Helmholtz, James Clerk Maxwell, and Albert Einstein. Young is credited with establishing Christiaan Huygens' wave theory of light, in contrast to the corpuscular theory of Isaac Newton. [2] Young's work was subsequently supported by the work of Augustin-Jean Fresnel. [3]
Edwin Herbert Land, ForMemRS, [2] FRPS, Hon.MRI (May 7, 1909 – March 1, 1991) was an American scientist and inventor, [4] best known as the co-founder of the Polaroid Corporation. He invented inexpensive filters for polarizing light, a practical system of in-camera instant photography, and the retinex theory of color vision, among other