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Subjective well-being (SWB) is a self-reported measure of well-being, typically obtained by questionnaire. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Ed Diener developed a tripartite model of SWB in 1984, which describes how people experience the quality of their lives and includes both emotional reactions and cognitive judgments. [ 3 ]
[18] In this model, cognitive, affective, and contextual factors contribute to subjective well-being. [19] According to Diener and Suh, subjective well-being is "based on the idea that how each person thinks and feels about his or her life is important." [20] Carol Ryff's six-factor model of psychological well-being was first published in 1989.
Central theories are Diener's tripartite model of subjective well-being, Ryff's Six-factor Model of Psychological Well-being, Corey Keyes' work on flourishing, and Seligman's contributions to positive psychology and his theories on authentic happiness and P.E.R.M.A.
Diener's tripartite model of subjective well-being is one of the most comprehensive models of well-being in psychology. It was synthesized by Diener in 1984, positing "three distinct but often related components of wellbeing: frequent positive affect, infrequent negative affect, and cognitive evaluations such as life satisfaction".
Psychological well-being can also be affected negatively, as is the case with a degrading and unrewarding work environment, unfulfilling obligations and unsatisfying relationships. Social interaction has a strong effect on well-being as negative social outcomes are more strongly related to well-being than are positive social outcomes. [9]
The scale emerged from synthesis of existing theories including: (a) subjective well-being, (b) developmental life-stages, (c) different categories of human needs, (d) quality of life, and (e) subjective evaluation processes. The scale consists of three axes: Subjective well-being, positive and negative affect, and fulfillment of needs. See a ...
It encompasses various dimensions of well-being, including emotional, psychological, and social aspects. [6] [7] Life satisfaction is influenced by factors such as personal values, cultural background, economic conditions, and social relationships. [8] Life satisfaction is a key part of subjective well-being. Many factors influence subjective ...
Using these measures, the report identifies the countries with the highest levels of happiness. In subjective well-being measures, the primary distinction is between cognitive life evaluations and emotional reports. [46] The UK began to measure national well-being in 2012, [47] following Bhutan, which had already been measuring gross national ...