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The ESP8266 is a low-cost Wi-Fi microcontroller, with built-in TCP/IP networking software, and microcontroller capability, produced by Espressif Systems [1] in Shanghai, China. The chip was popularized in the English-speaking maker community in August 2014 via the ESP-01 module, made by a third-party manufacturer Ai-Thinker.
A reference designator unambiguously identifies the location of a component within an electrical schematic or on a printed circuit board. The reference designator usually consists of one or two letters followed by a number, e.g. C3, D1, R4, U15.
On December 30, 2013, Espressif Systems [6] began production of the ESP8266. [12] NodeMCU started on 13 Oct 2014, when Hong committed the first file of nodemcu-firmware to GitHub. [ 13 ] Two months later, the project expanded to include an open-hardware platform when developer Huang R committed the gerber file of an ESP8266 board, named devkit ...
Wireless LAN (WLAN) channels are frequently accessed using IEEE 802.11 protocols. The 802.11 standard provides several radio frequency bands for use in Wi-Fi communications, each divided into a multitude of channels numbered at 5 MHz spacing (except in the 45/60 GHz band, where they are 0.54/1.08/2.16 GHz apart) between the centre frequency of the channel.
Numeric result codes V1: English result codes (e.g. CONNECT, BUSY, NO CARRIER etc.) X0 or X: Smartmodem Hayes Smartmodem 300 compatible result codes X1: Usually adds connection speed to basic result codes (e.g. CONNECT 1200) X2: Usually adds dial tone detection (preventing blind dial, and sometimes preventing ATO) X3: Usually adds busy signal ...
The router which first prefixes the MPLS header to a packet is an ingress router. The last router in an LSP, which pops the label from the packet, is called an egress router. Routers in between, which need only swap labels, are called transit routers or label switch routers (LSRs).
The split of devices (as of September 2019) was 60.4% modules, 25.4% asset trackers, and 5.6% routers, with data loggers, femtocells, smart-home devices, and smart watches, USB modems, and vehicle on-board units (OBUs), making up the balance. [17] In 2018 first NB-IoT data loggers and other certified devices started to appear.
A CMTS may also act as a bridge or router. A customer's cable modem cannot communicate directly with other modems on the line. In general, cable modem traffic is routed to other cable modems or to the Internet through a series of CMTSs and traditional routers. However, a route could conceivably pass through a single CMTS.