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An mRNA vaccine is a type of vaccine that uses a copy of a molecule called messenger RNA ... and sequencing of the causative virus SARS-CoV-2 at the beginning of 2020
An RNA virus is a virus characterized by a ribonucleic acid based genome. [1] The genome can be single-stranded RNA ( ssRNA ) or double-stranded (dsRNA). [ 2 ] Notable human diseases caused by RNA viruses include influenza , SARS , MERS , COVID-19 , Dengue virus , hepatitis C , hepatitis E , West Nile fever , Ebola virus disease , rabies ...
Poliovirus mRNA uses a cloverleaf section towards its 5' end to bind PCBP2, which binds poly(A)-binding protein, forming the familiar mRNA-protein-mRNA circle. Barley yellow dwarf virus has binding between mRNA segments on its 5' end and 3' end (called kissing stem loops), circularizing the mRNA without any proteins involved.
Positive-strand RNA virus genomes usually contain relatively few genes, usually between three and ten, including an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. [4] Coronaviruses have the largest known RNA genomes, between 27 and 32 kilobases in length, and likely possess replication proofreading mechanisms in the form of an exoribonuclease within nonstructural protein nsp14.
Moderna also investigated a multivalent booster, mRNA-1273.211, which combines a 50-50 mix of mRNA-1273 and mRNA-1273.351. [ 197 ] [ 198 ] A bivalent version of the vaccine containing elasomeran/imelasomeran (Spikevax bivalent Original/Omicron) [ 54 ] was approved for use in the United Kingdom and in Australia in August 2022.
Moderna, Inc. (/ m ə ˈ d ɜːr n ə / mə-DUR-nə) [4] is an American pharmaceutical and biotechnology company based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, that focuses on RNA therapeutics, primarily mRNA vaccines. These vaccines use a copy of a molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA) to carry instructions for proteins to produce an immune response.
How COVID‑19 vaccines work. The video shows the process of vaccination, from injection with RNA or viral vector vaccines, to uptake and translation, and on to immune system stimulation and effect. Part of a series on the COVID-19 pandemic Scientifically accurate atomic model of the external structure of SARS-CoV-2. Each "ball" is an atom. COVID-19 (disease) SARS-CoV-2 (virus) Cases Deaths ...
Double-stranded RNA viruses (dsRNA viruses) are a polyphyletic group of viruses that have double-stranded genomes made of ribonucleic acid.The double-stranded genome is used as a template by the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) to transcribe a positive-strand RNA functioning as messenger RNA (mRNA) for the host cell's ribosomes, which translate it into viral proteins.