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Asymptomatic elevation of serum liver enzyme concentrations occurs in 10% to 20% of people taking INH, and liver enzyme concentrations usually return to normal even when treatment is continued. [36] Isoniazid has a boxed warning for severe and sometimes fatal hepatitis, which is age-dependent at a rate of 0.3% in people 21 to 35 years old and ...
The main result was a relative risk (RR) of 0.40 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.31 to 0.52) for development of active tuberculosis over two years or longer for patients treated with INH, with no significant difference between treatment courses of six or 12 months (RR 0.44, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.73 for six months, and 0.38, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.50 for ...
It combines isoniazid, pyridoxine, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim. [1] Specifically it is used to prevent tuberculosis, toxoplasmosis, pneumonia, malaria, and isosporiasis. [2] It is taken by mouth. [1] Side effects may include trouble concentrating, numbness, vomiting, and rash. [2] Serious side effects may include liver problems. [2]
Side effects are those of the underlying medications. [1] More common side effects include poor coordination, numbness, and liver problems. [2] Liver problems may be severe and are more likely in people over the age of 50. [2] Use is not recommended in children. [1] It is unclear if use in pregnancy is safe for the baby. [2]
It is a fixed dose combination of rifampicin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide. [1] It is used either by itself or along with other antituberculosis medication. [1] It is taken by mouth. [1] Side effects are those of the underlying medications. [1] These may include poor coordination, loss of appetite, nausea, joint pain, feeling tired, and numbness ...
If the strain has only low-level INH-resistance (resistance at 0.2 mg/L INH, but sensitive at 1.0 mg/L INH), then high dose INH can be used as part of the regimen. When counting drugs, PZA and interferon count as zero; that is to say, when adding PZA to a four-drug regimen, another drug must be chosen to make five.
It is a fixed dose combination of ethambutol, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and rifampicin. [1] It is used either alone or with other antituberculosis medication. [1] It is taken by mouth. [1] Side effects are those of the underlying medications. [1] Pyridoxine may be used to decrease the risk of numbness. [2]
The old dose for pyrazinamide was 40–70 mg/kg daily and the incidence of drug-induced hepatitis has fallen significantly since the recommended dose has been reduced to 12–30 mg/kg daily. In the standard four-drug regimen (isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol), pyrazinamide is the most common cause of drug-induced hepatitis. [13]