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Monensin is a polyether antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces cinnamonensis. [2] It is widely used in ruminant animal feeds. [2] [3]The structure of monensin was first described by Agtarap et al. in 1967, and was the first polyether antibiotic to have its structure elucidated in this way.
Enteric fermentation was the second largest anthropogenic source of methane emissions in the United States from 2000 through 2009. [7] In 2007, methane emissions from enteric fermentation were 2.3% of net greenhouse gases produced in the United States at 139 teragrams of carbon dioxide equivalents (Tg CO 2) out of a total net emission of 6087.5 Tg CO 2. [8]
Aflatoxin B 1 is an aflatoxin produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus.It is a very potent carcinogen with a TD 50 3.2 μg/kg/day in rats. [4] This carcinogenic potency varies across species with some, such as rats and monkeys, seemingly much more susceptible than others.
Fumonisins were the most recent mycotoxin found to affect humans and animals negatively. The most produced toxin for this group of fungi is fumonisin B1. [2] Studies have shown that it can cause diseases such as equine leukoencephalomalacia in horses, hydrothorax and porcine pulmonary edema in swine, and it can negatively affect the immune system.
Feed manufacturing refers to the process of producing animal feed from raw agricultural products. Fodder produced by manufacturing is formulated to meet specific animal nutrition requirements for different species of animals at different life stages.
Animal feed is an important input to animal agriculture, and is frequently the main cost of the raising or keeping of animals. Farms typically try to reduce cost for this food, by growing their own, grazing animals, or supplementing expensive feeds with substitutes, such as food waste like spent grain from beer brewing .
A feed additive is an additive of extra nutrient or drug for livestock. Such additives include vitamins, amino acids, fatty acids, minerals, pharmaceutical, fungal products and steroidal compounds. The additives might impact feed presentation, hygiene, digestibility, or effect on intestinal health. [1] [2]
Lentinus crinitus is a basidiomycete in Agaricomycotina. It is in the order Polyporales and in the family Polyporaceae, within the group Polyporellus.There are many synonyms including Agaricus essequeboensis, Lentinus chaetoloma, Lentinus essequeboensis, Lentinus microloma, Lentinus rigidulus, Lentinus subcervinus, Curtis, Lentinus wrightii, Panus crinitus, Panus wrightii, Polyporus ...