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Diagram showing the reduction in number of the chromosomes in the process of maturation of the ovum; the process is known as meiosis Main article: Oogenesis The formation of an oocyte is called oocytogenesis, which is a part of oogenesis. [ 1 ]
Oogenesis starts with the process of developing primary oocytes, which occurs via the transformation of oogonia into primary oocytes, a process called oocytogenesis. [11] From one single oogonium, only one mature oocyte will rise, with 3 other cells called polar bodies.
Oocytogenesis : third trimester primary Oocyte: diploid/46: 4C: Ootidogenesis (meiosis 1) (Folliculogenesis) -- polar body separated: Dictyate in prophase I until ovulation secondary Oocyte: haploid/23: 2C: Ootidogenesis (meiosis 2) -- polar body separated: Halted in metaphase II until fertilization Ootid: haploid/23: 1C: Maturation: Minutes ...
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The zona pellucida is a translucent matrix of cross-linked glycoprotein filaments that surrounds the mammalian oocyte and is 6.5–20 μm thick depending on the species. Its formation, which depends on a conserved zona pellucida-like (ZP) module that mediates the polymerization of egg coat components, [2] is critical to successful fertilization. [3]
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Folliculogenesis is continuous, meaning that at any time the ovary contains follicles in many stages of development. The majority of follicles die and never complete development.
The idea of a tree of life arose from ancient notions of a ladder-like progression from lower into higher forms of life (such as in the Great Chain of Being).Early representations of "branching" phylogenetic trees include a "paleontological chart" showing the geological relationships among plants and animals in the book Elementary Geology, by Edward Hitchcock (first edition: 1840).