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The term is also used, even more specifically, to mean a "monochromatic" or sinusoidal plane wave: a travelling plane wave whose profile () is a sinusoidal function. That is, (,) = (() +) The parameter , which may be a scalar or a vector, is called the amplitude of the wave; the scalar coefficient is its "spatial frequency"; and the scalar is its "phase shift".
The same sinusoidal plane wave above can also be expressed in terms of sine instead of cosine using the elementary identity = (+ /) (,) = ((^) + ′) where ′ = + /.Thus the value and meaning of the phase shift depends on whether the wave is defined in terms of sine or co-sine.
The propagation constant of a sinusoidal electromagnetic wave is a measure of the change undergone by the amplitude and phase of the wave as it propagates in a given direction. The quantity being measured can be the voltage , the current in a circuit , or a field vector such as electric field strength or flux density .
A plane wave is classified as a transverse wave if the field disturbance at each point is described by a vector perpendicular to the direction of propagation (also the direction of energy transfer); or longitudinal wave if those vectors are aligned with the propagation direction. Mechanical waves include both transverse and longitudinal waves ...
In dispersive wave phenomena, the speed of wave propagation varies with the wavelength of the wave, which is reflected by a dispersion relation = (), where ω is the angular frequency, and k is the wavevector describing plane-wave solutions.
The wavefronts of a traveling plane wave in three-dimensional space.. In mathematics and physics, a traveling plane wave [1] is a special case of plane wave, namely a field whose evolution in time can be described as simple translation of its values at a constant wave speed, along a fixed direction of propagation.
Predictions in both the forward and backward propagation directions are possible. [4] Modeling the diffraction of a CW (continuous wave), monochromatic (single frequency) field involves the following steps: Sampling the complex (real and imaginary) components of a pressure field over a grid of points lying in a cross-sectional plane within the ...
Dispersion occurs when sinusoidal waves of different wavelengths have different propagation velocities, so that a wave packet of mixed wavelengths tends to spread out in space. The speed of a plane wave, v {\displaystyle v} , is a function of the wave's wavelength λ {\displaystyle \lambda } :