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NS1 antigen test (nonstructural protein 1) is a test for dengue, introduced in 2006. It allows rapid detection on the first day of fever, before antibodies appear some 5 or more days later. [1] It has been adopted for use in some 40 nations. The method of detection is through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne disease caused by dengue virus, prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas. It is frequently asymptomatic; if symptoms appear, they typically begin 3 to 14 days after infection.
Dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, other hemorrhagic fevers: Regional arbovirus infections: California serogroup virus, Eastern equine encephalitis virus, Powassan virus, St. Louis encephalitis virus, Western equine encephalitis virus: Varicella voster infection- chickenpox, shingles, and unspecified Chickenpox: Chickenpox (regional)
Dengue vaccine is a vaccine used to prevent dengue fever in humans. [9] Development of dengue vaccines began in the 1920s but was hindered by the need to create immunity against all four dengue serotypes. [10] As of 2023, there are two commercially available vaccines, sold under the brand names Dengvaxia and Qdenga. [11] [12]
Patients in the early phase of the dengue virus may recover without hospitalization. However, ongoing clinical research is in the works to find specific anti-dengue drugs. [54] Dengue fever occurs via Aedes aegypti mosquito (it acts as a vector).
The plaque reduction neutralization test is used to quantify the titer of neutralizing antibody for a virus. [1] [2] The serum sample or solution of antibody to be tested is diluted and mixed with a viral suspension. This is incubated to allow the antibody to react with the virus. This is poured over a confluent monolayer of host cells.
Anti-transglutaminase antibodies (ATA) are autoantibodies against the transglutaminase protein. Detection is considered abnormal, and may indicate one of several conditions . Antibodies serve an important role in the immune system by detecting cells and substances that the rest of the immune system then eliminates.
In those outbreaks; dengue virus-2 was the infecting serotype. 205 cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome occurred during the 1997 outbreak, all in people older than 15 years. All but three of these cases were demonstrated to have been previously infected by dengue virus-1 during the first outbreak. [ 49 ]