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  2. Camber (aerodynamics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camber_(aerodynamics)

    An airfoil is said to have a positive camber if its upper surface (or in the case of a driving turbine or propeller blade its forward surface) is the more convex. Camber is a complex property that can be more fully characterized by an airfoil's camber line , the curve Z(x) that is halfway between the upper and lower surfaces, and thickness ...

  3. Pitching moment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitching_moment

    The aerodynamic center of an airfoil is usually close to 25% of the chord behind the leading edge of the airfoil. When making tests on a model airfoil, such as in a wind-tunnel, if the force sensor is not aligned with the quarter-chord of the airfoil, but offset by a distance x, the pitching moment about the quarter-chord point, / is given by

  4. Airfoil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airfoil

    The curve represents an airfoil with a positive camber so some lift is produced at zero angle of attack. With increased angle of attack, lift increases in a roughly linear relation, called the slope of the lift curve. At about 18 degrees this airfoil stalls, and lift falls off quickly beyond that.

  5. Lift coefficient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lift_coefficient

    Symmetric airfoils necessarily have plots of c l versus angle of attack symmetric about the c l axis, but for any airfoil with positive camber, i.e. asymmetrical, convex from above, there is still a small but positive lift coefficient with angles of attack less than zero. That is, the angle at which c l = 0 is negative. On such airfoils at zero ...

  6. Lift (force) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lift_(force)

    An airfoil with camber compared to a symmetrical airfoil. The maximum lift force that can be generated by an airfoil at a given airspeed depends on the shape of the airfoil, especially the amount of camber (curvature such that the upper surface is more convex than the lower surface, as illustrated at right). Increasing the camber generally ...

  7. NACA airfoil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NACA_airfoil

    m is the maximum camber (100 m is the first of the four digits), p is the location of maximum camber (10 p is the second digit in the NACA xxxx description). For example, a NACA 2412 airfoil uses a 2% camber (first digit) 40% (second digit) along the chord of a 0012 symmetrical airfoil having a thickness 12% (digits 3 and 4) of the chord.

  8. Zero-lift axis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-lift_axis

    A typical lift coefficient curve. A cambered aerofoil generates no lift when it is moving parallel to an axis called the zero-lift axis (or the zero-lift line.)When the angle of attack on an aerofoil is measured relative to the zero-lift axis it is true to say the lift coefficient is zero when the angle of attack is zero. [1]

  9. Kutta–Joukowski theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutta–Joukowski_theorem

    A lift-producing airfoil either has camber or operates at a positive angle of attack, the angle between the chord line and the fluid flow far upstream of the airfoil. Moreover, the airfoil must have a sharp trailing edge. [6] Any real fluid is viscous, which implies that the fluid velocity vanishes on the airfoil.

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