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On average, a column of air with a cross-sectional area of 1 square centimetre (cm 2), measured from the mean (average) sea level to the top of Earth's atmosphere, has a mass of about 1.03 kilogram and exerts a force or "weight" of about 10.1 newtons, resulting in a pressure of 10.1 N/cm 2 or 101 kN/m 2 (101 kilopascals, kPa).
1 J·m 3 /mol 2 = 1 m 6 ·Pa/mol 2 = 10 L 2 ·bar/mol 2. 1 L 2 atm/mol 2 = 0.101325 J·m 3 /mol 2 = 0.101325 Pa·m 6 /mol 2. 1 dm 3 /mol = 1 L/mol = 1 m 3 /kmol = 0.001 m 3 /mol (where kmol is kilomoles = 1000 moles)
Up to 99.63 °C (the boiling point of water at 0.1 MPa), at this pressure water exists as a liquid. Above that, it exists as water vapor. Note that the boiling point of 100.0 °C is at a pressure of 0.101325 MPa (1 atm ), which is the average atmospheric pressure.
The standard atmosphere was originally defined as the pressure exerted by a 760 mm column of mercury at 0 °C (32 °F) and standard gravity (g n = 9.806 65 m/s 2). [2] It was used as a reference condition for physical and chemical properties, and the definition of the centigrade temperature scale set 100 °C as the boiling point of water at this pressure.
At IUPAC standard temperature and pressure (0 °C and 100 kPa), dry air has a density of approximately 1.2754 kg/m 3. At 20 °C and 101.325 kPa, dry air has a density of 1.2041 kg/m 3. At 70 °F and 14.696 psi, dry air has a density of 0.074887 lb/ft 3.
the ideal gas law in molar form, which relates pressure, density, and temperature: = at each geopotential altitude, where g is the standard acceleration of gravity, and R specific is the specific gas constant for dry air (287.0528J⋅kg −1 ⋅K −1).
≡ 13 595.1 kg/m 3 × 1 ft × g 0: ≈ 4.063 666 × 10 4 Pa [33] foot of water (39.2 °F) ftH 2 O ≈ 999.972 kg/m 3 × 1 ft × g 0: ≈ 2.988 98 × 10 3 Pa [33] inch of mercury (conventional) inHg ≡ 13 595.1 kg/m 3 × 1 in × g 0: ≈ 3.386 389 × 10 3 Pa [33] inch of water (39.2 °F) inH 2 O ≈ 999.972 kg/m 3 × 1 in × g 0: ≈ 249.082 ...
The ideal gas equation can be rearranged to give an expression for the molar volume of an ideal gas: = = Hence, for a given temperature and pressure, the molar volume is the same for all ideal gases and is based on the gas constant: R = 8.314 462 618 153 24 m 3 ⋅Pa⋅K −1 ⋅mol −1, or about 8.205 736 608 095 96 × 10 −5 m 3 ⋅atm⋅K ...