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If a male offspring is produced, the gene will consist of an X and a Y chromosome, and if a female offspring is produced, the gene will consist of two X chromosomes. [3] Cloning is the production of an offspring which represents the identical genes to its parent.
In species that use the ZW sex-determination system the offspring genotype may be one of ZW (female), [28] [29] ZZ (male), or WW (non-viable in most species, [31] but a fertile, [dubious – discuss] viable female in a few, e.g., boas). [31] ZW offspring are produced by endoreplication before meiosis or by central fusion.
In dioecious species, where individuals are either male or female for their entire lifetimes, the allocation decision lies between producing male or female offspring. In sequential hermaphrodites , where individuals function as one sex early in life and then switch to the other, the allocation decisions lie in what sex to be first and when to ...
Most organisms that create their offspring using sexual reproduction have two common sexes and a few less common intersex variations. In some species, there are hermaphrodites, i.e., individuals that can function reproductively as either female or male. [2] There are also some species in which only one sex is present, temporarily or permanently.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 27 November 2024. Procreative biological processes of humanity Part of a series on Sex Biological terms Sexual dimorphism Sexual differentiation Feminization Virilization Sex-determination system XY XO ZW ZO Temperature-dependent Haplodiploidy Heterogametic sex Homogametic sex Sex chromosome X chromosome ...
In genetics, a maternal effect occurs when the phenotype of an organism is determined by the genotype of its mother. [1] For example, if a mutation is maternal effect recessive, then a female homozygous for the mutation may appear phenotypically normal, however her offspring will show the mutant phenotype, even if they are heterozygous for the mutation.
Parthenogenesis is a mode of asexual reproduction in which offspring are produced by females without the genetic contribution of a male. Among all the sexual vertebrates, the only examples of true parthenogenesis, in which all-female populations reproduce without the involvement of males, are found in squamate reptiles (snakes and lizards). [1]
In the absence of a Y chromosome, the fetus will undergo female development. This is because of the presence of the sex-determining region of the Y chromosome, also known as the SRY gene. [5] Thus, male mammals typically have an X and a Y chromosome (XY), while female mammals typically have two X chromosomes (XX).