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  2. Biofilter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofilter

    Biofiltration process. A biofilter is a bed of media on which microorganisms attach and grow to form a biological layer called biofilm. Biofiltration is thus usually referred to as a fixed–film process. Generally, the biofilm is formed by a community of different microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, yeast, etc.), macro-organisms (protozoa, worms ...

  3. Biosand filter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioSand_Filter

    Biosand filter. A biosand filter (BSF) is a point-of-use water treatment system adapted from traditional slow sand filters. Biosand filters remove pathogens and suspended solids from water using biological and physical processes that take place in a sand column covered with a biofilm. BSFs have been shown to remove heavy metals, turbidity ...

  4. Trickling filter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trickling_filter

    Trickling filter. A trickling filter is a type of wastewater treatment system. It consists of a fixed bed of rocks, coke, gravel, slag, polyurethane foam, sphagnum peat moss, ceramic, or plastic media over which sewage or other wastewater flows downward and causes a layer of microbial slime (biofilm) to grow, covering the bed of media.

  5. Nanotechnology for water purification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanotechnology_for_water...

    Nanotechnology is the process of manipulating atoms on a nanoscale. [1] In nanotechnology, nanomembranes are used with the purpose of softening the water and removal of contaminants such as physical, biological and chemical contaminants. There are variety of techniques in nanotechnology which uses nanoparticles for providing safe drinking water ...

  6. Membrane bioreactor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_bioreactor

    Membrane bioreactors are combinations of membrane processes like microfiltration or ultrafiltration with a biological wastewater treatment process, the activated sludge process. These technologies are now widely used for municipal and industrial wastewater treatment. [1] The two basic membrane bioreactor configurations are the submerged ...

  7. Nanofiltration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanofiltration

    Nanofiltration is a membrane filtration process that uses nanometer sized pores through which particles smaller than about 1–10 nanometers pass through the membrane. Nanofiltration membranes have pore sizes of about 1–10 nanometers, smaller than those used in microfiltration and ultrafiltration, but a slightly bigger than those in reverse ...

  8. Slow sand filter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slow_sand_filter

    Slow sand filter. Slow sand filters are used in water purification for treating raw water to produce a potable product. They are typically 1–2 m (3.3–6.6 ft) deep, can be rectangular or cylindrical in cross section and are used primarily to treat surface water. The length and breadth of the tanks are determined by the flow rate desired for ...

  9. Vermifilter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermifilter

    Vermifilter. A vermifilter (also vermi-digester or lumbrifilter) is an aerobic treatment system, consisting of a biological reactor containing media that filters organic material from wastewater. The media also provides a habitat for aerobic bacteria and composting earthworms that purify the wastewater by removing pathogens and oxygen demand ...

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