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In uncal herniation, a common subtype of transtentorial herniation, the innermost part of the temporal lobe, the uncus, can be squeezed so much that it moves towards the tentorium and puts pressure on the brainstem, most notably the midbrain. [8] The tentorium is a structure within the skull formed by the dura mater of the meninges.
Kernohan's notch. Kernohan's notch is a cerebral peduncle indentation associated with some forms of transtentorial herniation (uncal herniation). [1][2] It is a secondary condition caused by a primary injury on the opposite hemisphere of the brain. [3] Kernohan's notch is an ipsilateral condition, in that a left-sided primary lesion (in which ...
This may succeed or accompany temporal lobe (uncal) herniation and subfalcian herniation secondary to a supratentorial mass. [ citation needed ] The pathophysiological mechanism is uncertain [ 7 ] but is probably caused by the displacement of the brainstem stretching and tearing perforating branches of the basilar artery to the pons; venous ...
This is called herniation and will often cause an enlarged pupil on the affected side, due to pressure on the oculomotor nerve. Tentorial herniation is a serious symptom, especially since the brainstem is likely to be compressed as well if the intracranial pressure rises further. A common type of herniation is uncal herniation.
Progression from decorticate posturing to decerebrate posturing is often indicative of uncal (transtentorial) or tonsilar brain herniation. Activation of gamma motor neurons is thought to be important in decerebrate rigidity due to studies in animals showing that dorsal-root transection eliminates decerebrate rigidity symptoms. [10]
The tentorial notch is located between the tentorial edges and communicates the supratentorial and infratentorial spaces. This area can be divided into three spaces: anterior, middle (lateral to), and posterior to the brainstem. The middle incisural space is close to the midbrain and the upper pons at the level of the pontomesencephalic sulcus.
cerebral edema , transtentorial herination. Cerebral contusion (Latin: contusio cerebri), a form of traumatic brain injury, is a bruise of the brain tissue. [2] Like bruises in other tissues, cerebral contusion can be associated with multiple micro hemorrhages, small blood vessel leaks into brain tissue. Contusion occurs in 20–30% of severe ...
Biot's breathing or ataxic breathing, is an abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by variable tidal volume, random apneas, and no regularity. [1] It is named for Camille Biot, who characterized it in 1876. [2][3] Biot's respiration is caused by damage to the medulla oblongata and pons due to trauma, stroke, opioid use, and increased ...