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Extinction is the termination of a taxon by the death of its last member. A taxon may become functionally extinct before the death of its last member if it loses the capacity to reproduce and recover. Because a species' potential range may be very large, determining this moment is difficult, and is usually done retrospectively.
End-Jurassic (Tithonian) 145 Ma. No longer regarded as a major extinction but rather a series of lesser events due to bolide impacts, eruptions of flood basalts, climate change and disruptions to oceanic systems [16] Pliensbachian-Toarcian extinction (Toarcian turnover) 186-178 Ma.
List of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha animals extinct in the Holocene. List of Asian animals extinct in the Holocene. List of European species extinct in the Holocene. List of extinct animals of the British Isles. List of North American animals extinct in the Holocene. List of Antillian and Bermudan animals extinct in the Holocene.
The largest extinction was the Kellwasser Event (Frasnian - Famennian, or F-F, 372 Ma), an extinction event at the end of the Frasnian, about midway through the Late Devonian. This extinction annihilated coral reefs and numerous tropical benthic (seabed-living) animals such as jawless fish, brachiopods, and trilobites.
As of 2022, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) listed 40 animal species as extinct in the wild. [1] That is approximately 0.04% of all evaluated animal species. The IUCN also lists five animal subspecies as extinct in the wild. This is a complete list of wild animal species and subspecies listed as extinct by the IUCN.
Examples of species and subspecies that are extinct in the wild include (in alphabetical order): Abutilon pitcairnense (last surviving plant destroyed in 2005) [6] Alagoas curassow (last unconfirmed sighting reported in the late 1980s, listed extinct in the wild since 1994) [7] Beloribitsa [8] Corypha taliera (last tree cut down in 1979) [9]
Extinction of taxa is difficult to detect, as a long gap without a sighting is not definitive. Some mammals declared as extinct may very well reappear. [1] For example, a study found that 36% of purported mammalian extinction had been resolved, while the rest either had validity issues (insufficient evidence) or had been rediscovered. [3]
The Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) extinction event, [ a ] also known as the Cretaceous–Tertiary(K–T)extinction, [ b ] was the mass extinction of three-quarters of the plant and animal species on Earth [ 2 ][ 3 ] approximately 66 million years ago. The event caused the extinction of all non-avian dinosaurs.