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Monazite is a primarily reddish-brown phosphate mineral that contains rare-earth elements. Due to variability in composition, monazite is considered a group of minerals. [3] The most common species of the group is monazite- (Ce), that is, the cerium-dominant member of the group. [4] It occurs usually in small isolated crystals.
This plant, the first unit of IREL, was made operational way back in 1952 for processing of monazite, whose capacity was subsequently increased by about three times.Rare Earths Division (RED), Udyogamandal, Aluva is located on the banks of Periyar River in Kerala at a distance of 12 km from the port city of Kochi and 15 km from Kochi International Airport.
Sand mining is a serious threat to most of the rivers in Kerala but the case is more visible in Periyar river. The indiscriminate mining has even affected the stability of Sree Sankara Bridge at Kalady . According to D. Padmalal, head of the Environmental Science division, National Center for Earth Science Studioes, this kind of mindless mining ...
US$108.72 million (2022-23) Net income. US$12.5 million (2022-23) Number of employees. ~2000. Website. kmml.com. Kerala Minerals and Metals Ltd is an integrated titanium dioxide manufacturing public sector undertaking in Kollam, Kerala, India. Its operations comprise mining, mineral separation, synthetic rutile and pigment -production plants.
Monazite powder, a rare earth and thorium phosphate mineral, is the primary source of the world's thorium. India's three-stage nuclear power programme was formulated by Homi Bhabha, the well-known physicist, in the 1950s to secure the country's long term energy independence, through the use of uranium and thorium reserves found in the monazite sands of coastal regions of South India.
Monazite geochronology is a dating technique to study geological history using the mineral monazite. It is a powerful tool in studying the complex history of metamorphic rocks particularly, as well as igneous, sedimentary and hydrothermal rocks. [2][3] The dating uses the radioactive processes in monazite as a clock.
Heavy minerals (dark) in a quartz beach sand (Chennai, India). Heavy mineral sands are a class of ore deposit which is an important source of zirconium, titanium, thorium, tungsten, rare-earth elements, the industrial minerals diamond, sapphire, garnet, and occasionally precious metals or gemstones. Heavy mineral sands are placer deposits ...
Heavy minerals (black) forming placers along ripple marks. In geology, a placer deposit or placer is an accumulation of valuable minerals formed by gravity separation from a specific source rock during sedimentary processes. [1] The name is from the Spanish word placer, meaning " alluvial sand". Placer mining is an important source of gold, and ...