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J. Robert Oppenheimer. J. Robert Oppenheimer (born Julius Robert Oppenheimer; / ˈɒpənhaɪmər / OP-ən-hy-mər; April 22, 1904 – February 18, 1967) was an American theoretical physicist who served as the director of the Manhattan Project 's Los Alamos Laboratory during World War II. He is often called the "father of the atomic bomb " for ...
History of atomic theory. The current theoretical model of the atom involves a dense nucleus surrounded by a probabilistic "cloud" of electrons. Atomic theory is the scientific theory that matter is composed of particles called atoms. The definition of the word "atom" has changed over the years in response to scientific discoveries.
3D animation of an atom incorporating the Rutherford model. The atomic nucleus shown expanded more than 10,000 times its size relative to the atom; electrons have no measurable diameter. The Rutherford model was devised by Ernest Rutherford to describe an atom. Rutherford directed the Geiger–Marsden experiment in 1909, which suggested, upon ...
Ernest Rutherford. Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson, OM, FRS, HonFRSE [7] (30 August 1871 – 19 October 1937), was a New Zealand physicist who was a pioneering researcher in both atomic and nuclear physics. He has been described as "the father of nuclear physics", [8] and "the greatest experimentalist since Michael Faraday ". [9]
Lise Meitner (/ ˈliːzə ˈmaɪtnər / LEE-zə MYTE-nər, German: [ˈliːzə ˈmaɪtnɐ] ⓘ; born Elise Meitner, 7 November 1878 – 27 October 1968) was an Austrian-Swedish physicist who was instrumental in the discoveries of nuclear fission and protactinium. Completing her doctoral research in 1905, Meitner became the second woman from the ...
This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 24 September 2024. For other people named John Dalton, see John Dalton (disambiguation). John Dalton FRS (/ ˈdɔːltən /; 5 or 6 September 1766 – 27 July 1844) was an English chemist, physicist and meteorologist. [ 1 ] He introduced the atomic theory into chemistry.
Atomism (from Greek ἄτομον, atomon, i.e. "uncuttable, indivisible") [1][2][3] is a natural philosophy proposing that the physical universe is composed of fundamental indivisible components known as atoms. References to the concept of atomism and its atoms appeared in both ancient Greek and ancient Indian philosophical traditions.
Werner Heisenberg. Werner Karl Heisenberg (/ ˈhaɪzənbɜːrɡ /; [2] German: [ˈvɛʁnɐ kaʁl ˈhaɪzn̩bɛʁk] ⓘ; 5 December 1901 – 1 February 1976) [3] was a German theoretical physicist, one of the main pioneers of the theory of quantum mechanics, and a principal scientist in the Nazi nuclear weapons program during World War II.