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J. Robert Oppenheimer. J. Robert Oppenheimer (born Julius Robert Oppenheimer; / ˈɒpənhaɪmər / OP-ən-hy-mər; April 22, 1904 – February 18, 1967) was an American theoretical physicist who served as the director of the Manhattan Project 's Los Alamos Laboratory during World War II. He is often called the "father of the atomic bomb " for ...
History of atomic theory. The current theoretical model of the atom involves a dense nucleus surrounded by a probabilistic "cloud" of electrons. Atomic theory is the scientific theory that matter is composed of particles called atoms. The definition of the word "atom" has changed over the years in response to scientific discoveries.
Ernest Rutherford. Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson, OM, FRS, HonFRSE [7] (30 August 1871 – 19 October 1937), was a New Zealand physicist who was a pioneering researcher in both atomic and nuclear physics. He has been described as "the father of nuclear physics", [8] and "the greatest experimentalist since Michael Faraday ". [9]
Lise Meitner (/ ˈliːzə ˈmaɪtnər / LEE-zə MYTE-nər, German: [ˈliːzə ˈmaɪtnɐ] ⓘ; born Elise Meitner, 7 November 1878 – 27 October 1968) was an Austrian-Swedish physicist who was instrumental in the discoveries of nuclear fission and protactinium. Completing her doctoral research in 1905, Meitner became the second woman from the ...
This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 24 September 2024. For other people named John Dalton, see John Dalton (disambiguation). John Dalton FRS (/ ˈdɔːltən /; 5 or 6 September 1766 – 27 July 1844) was an English chemist, physicist and meteorologist. [ 1 ] He introduced the atomic theory into chemistry.
He was awarded a Nobel Prize in 1906, "in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases." He was knighted in 1908 and appointed to the Order of Merit in 1912. In 1914, he gave the Romanes Lecture in Oxford on "The atomic theory".
Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck ForMemRS [ 1 ] (/ ˈplæŋk /; [ 2 ]German: [maks ˈplaŋk] ⓘ; [ 3 ] 23 April 1858 – 4 October 1947) was a German theoretical physicist whose discovery of energy quanta won him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918.
But this ancient idea was based in philosophical reasoning rather than scientific reasoning. Modern atomic theory is not based on these old concepts. [1] [2] In the early 19th century, the scientist John Dalton (1766–1844) found evidence that matter really is composed of discrete units, and so applied the word atom to those units. [3]