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1723: New Orleans becomes the official capital of French Louisiana. 1723: Fort Orleans is established near Brunswick, Missouri. 1732: Vincennes is established on the Wabash River in the Illinois Country (Upper Louisiana). 1735: Sainte-Geneviève in the Illinois Country (Upper Louisiana) is founded.
First, to historic French Louisiana, comprising the massive, middle section of North America claimed by France during the 17th and 18th centuries; and, Second, to modern French Louisiana, which stretches across the southern extreme of the present-day State of Louisiana.
The Old Mobile Site is the archeological remains of the first permanent French colonial settlement and the earliest European town on the Gulf Coast of the United States. Also known by the name of the settlement's fort, Fort Louis de la Louisiane, it was the first colonial capital of French Louisiana.
Due to hurricanes and shifting sand bars blocking harbor waters during the early 18th century, the capital of French Louisiana was moved from Mobile to Nouveau-Biloxi (present-day Biloxi), across Biloxi Bay. However, later in the same year, Fort Maurepas (at Old Biloxi) burned.
In 1699, Pierre Le Moyne, Sieur d’Iberville and Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur de Bienville started the first French settlements along the Gulf. They built a fort on Mobile Bay that was the capital of the French Louisiana colony when Los Adaes was established.
La Salle claims the region and names it Louisiana in honor of King Louis XIV of France. 1699 Pierre Le Moyne, Sieur d'Iberville, establishes the French colony of Louisiana.
Giraud’s book detailed how the French-Canadian naval hero Pierre Le Moyne d’Iberville probed our region for his sovereign, charting the Mississippi River’s multiple mouths and establishing Biloxi and Mobile, the latter Louisiana’s first capital.
When the French established the area of Louisiana as a colonial territory, the area of Biloxi, Mississippi served as a capital of the French settlement. In 1722, under the second administration of Bienville, the French moved the capital to New Orleans.
After the quarter was reconstructed using bricks, it became a thriving trading port and urban center, and in 1723, New Orleans became the official capital of the French colony of Louisiana. New Orleans had become a flourishing colony under French influence, but it was ceded to the Spanish after France's loss in the French and Indian War in 1763.
Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville was an explorer, colonial administrator, and Lieutenant in the French Navy during the Nine Years' War and the Chickasaw Wars. He was known as the “Father” of Louisiana and the French settlement of New Orleans.