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It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Hindi and Urdu in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first.
The name of the principal male character in Shakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew is spelled Petruchio , intended to be the Italian name Petruccio [peˈtruttʃo], reflecting more conventional English pronunciation rules that use ch to represent /tʃ/.
Hindustani does not distinguish between [v] and [w], specifically Hindi. These are distinct phonemes in English, but conditional allophones of the phoneme /ʋ/ in Hindustani (written व in Hindi or و in Urdu), meaning that contextual rules determine when it is pronounced as [v] and when it is pronounced as [w].
The term pessimism derives from the Latin word pessimus, meaning 'the worst'.It was first used by Jesuit critics of Voltaire's 1759 novel Candide, ou l'Optimisme.Voltaire was satirizing the philosophy of Leibniz who maintained that this was the 'best (optimum) of all possible worlds'.
wikt:Wiktionary:Pronunciation file requests; Categories of people, cities, and other topics with proper names, particularly in other countries. Check for an entry on the term in the English Wiktionary and its native language Wiktionary, if applicable, to see if it already has an audio pronunciation and/or IPA pronunciation listed.
Name Date of birth Date of death Nationality Julius Bahnsen [1] [2] 30 March 1830: 7 December 1881: German Ernest Becker [3] 27 September 1924: 6 March 1974: American — David Benatar [4] [5] [6] 8 December 1966 — South African Gautama Buddha [7] [8]: 130 c. 563 BC: c. 483 BC: Indian Julio Cabrera [9] 1944 — Argentinian Albert Camus [10 ...
If a common English rendering of the non-English name exists (Venice, Nikita Khrushchev), its pronunciation, if necessary, should be indicated before the non-English one. For English words and names, pronunciation should normally be omitted for common words or when obvious from the spelling; use it only for loanwords from other languages (coup ...
The literal meaning of duḥkha, as used in a general sense is "suffering" or "painful." [ note 4 ] Its exact translation depends on the context. [ note 5 ] Contemporary translators of Buddhist texts use a variety of English words to convey the aspects of dukh .