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In the last several years, many publications have presented overviews of complexity theory within the field of sociology. Within this body of work, connections also are drawn to yet other theoretical traditions, including constructivist epistemology and the philosophical positions of phenomenology , postmodernism and critical realism .
[1] The sociology of scientific ignorance (SSI) is complementary to the sociology of scientific knowledge. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] For comparison, the sociology of knowledge studies the impact of human knowledge and the prevailing ideas on societies and relations between knowledge and the social context within which it arises.
The term "critical mass" is borrowed from nuclear physics, where it refers to the amount of a substance needed to sustain a chain reaction. Within social sciences, critical mass has its roots in sociology and is often used to explain the conditions under which reciprocal behavior is started within collective groups, and how reciprocal behavior ...
Examples such as critical mass, herd behavior, groupthink and others, abound in sociology, economics, behavioral finance and anthropology. [67] Spontaneous order can be influenced by arousal. [68] In social theory, the concept of self-referentiality has been introduced as a sociological application of self-organization theory by Niklas Luhmann ...
Complexity theory emphasizes interactions and the accompanying feedback loops that constantly change systems. While it proposes that systems are unpredictable, they are also constrained by order-generating rules. [6]: 74 Complexity theory has been used in the fields of strategic management and organizational studies.
Parsons develops a theory where he tries to reveal the complexity of the processes which take form between two points of necessity, the first being the cultural "necessity," which is given through the values-system of each evolving community; the other is the environmental necessities, which most directly is reflected in the material realities ...
The quantum complexity class BQP is the class of problems solvable in polynomial time on a quantum Turing machine. By adding postselection , a larger class called PostBQP is obtained. Informally, postselection gives the computer the following power: whenever some event (such as measuring a qubit in a certain state) has nonzero probability, you ...
After a period as Professor of Physics at the University of Miami in Florida, he was appointed Professor of Physics at George Washington University in 2018. While a student at school and university, Johnson was a sax player with the National Youth Jazz Orchestra (NYJO) in the U.K. and toured extensively with them.