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Clean production bioethanol [20] is a biofuel obtained by maximizing non-greenhouse gas emitting (renewable) resources: energy directly consumed to make the ethanol is renewable energy . The farm equipment and ethanol plant use an ethanol engine , biodiesel , air engine or electricity cogenerated during ethanol production, or even wind power ...
Ethanol fuel has a "gasoline gallon equivalency" (GGE) value of 1.5, i.e. to replace the energy of 1 volume of gasoline, 1.5 times the volume of ethanol is needed. [4] [5] Ethanol-blended fuel is widely used in Brazil, the United States, Canada, and Europe (see also Ethanol fuel by country). [2]
A dish of ethanol aflame. Various alcohols are used as fuel for internal combustion engines.The first four aliphatic alcohols (methanol, ethanol, propanol, and butanol) are of interest as fuels because they can be synthesized chemically or biologically, and they have characteristics which allow them to be used in internal combustion engines.
One rationale for ethanol production in the U.S. is increased energy security, from shifting supply from oil imports to domestic sources. [30] [76] Ethanol production requires significant energy, and current U.S. production derives most of that energy from domestic coal, natural gas and other non-oil sources. [77]
Carbon-neutral fuels can lead to greenhouse gas remediation because carbon dioxide gas would be reused to produce fuel instead of being released into the atmosphere. Capturing the carbon dioxide in flue gas emissions from power plants would eliminate their greenhouse gas emissions, although burning the fuel in vehicles would release that carbon ...
With the help of renewable electricity, water can be separated into its components, hydrogen and oxygen, as part of water electrolysis. To produce e-fuels, a synthesis gas consisting of hydrogen and carbon dioxide is provided, which is then converted into hydrocarbons in a subsequent synthesis process, which can then be used as a fuel.
As the steam reforming of methanol is more simple and efficient (catalyst bed temperature below 280°C) compared to reforming of other fuels and because of the low cost and high purity of conventional methanol and renewable methanol (e.g. made from waste or renewable power) as well as because of the simple storage of methanol, most HT-PEM fuel ...
It offers an alternative to the proposed hydrogen economy or ethanol economy, although these concepts are not exclusive. Methanol can be produced from a variety of sources including fossil fuels (natural gas, coal, oil shale, tar sands, etc.) as well as agricultural products and municipal waste, wood and varied biomass.