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The traditional Twelver Shia view was to keep clerics away from political and governmental positions. [1] Velayat e Faqih is a Twelver Shia concept which holds that at least partial religious and social affairs of the Muslims need to be administered by a righteous and qualified Shia faqih until the appearance of the Mahdi. [2]
The first Shia theocracy in the 20th century was established in Iran following the Iranian Revolution that led to the fall of the Shah of Iran. The constitutional name of Iran was established as the Islamic Republic of Iran ( Persian : جمهوری اسلامی ايران transliteration : Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān ).
Iran, [a] [b] officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) [c] and also known as Persia, [d] is a country in West Asia.It borders Turkey to the northwest and Iraq to the west, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea, and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south.
The constitution of Iran states that the country is an Islamic republic; it specifies Twelver Ja’afari Shia Islam as the official state religion. [1] In 2023, the country was scored zero out of 4 for religious freedom. [2] In the same year, it was ranked as the 8th most difficult place in the world to be a Christian. [3]
According to The World Factbook of the CIA, between 90-95% of Iran's Muslim are Shia, and another 5-10% are Sunni, [72] the American Iranian Council, citing the Islamic Republic estimates, gives the Sunni percentage at between 7% and 10%. [73] (Almost all of Iran's Shia follow the Twelver branch.) The Atlantic Council gives a higher percentage ...
[8] [9] Al-Shahrastani expresses that the term Shia refers to those who believe that ʿAlī is designated as the heir, Imam, and caliph by Muhammad [8] [10] and that ʿAlī's authority is maintained through his descendants. [8] [11] For the adherents of Shia Islam, this conviction is implicit in the Quran and the history of Islam.
[Saudi] Arabia is first, Iran and Iraq are second and third, and that approximately 70 percent of the worlds oil is located where the Shia live or about 80 percent is where the Shia live. Iraq's oil is in this corridor between Basra and Baghdad ; Kuwait , and [Saudi] Arabia, which 80 percent of its oil is located in the Shia-populated places ...
Within Shia Islam about 85% are Twelver, [10] [11] and within Twelver Shia, the overwhelming majority follow the Usuli school of jurisprudence. In Iran, an officially Shia country since 1501, [12] around 90–95% of Muslims are Shia. [13] [14] 65–85% of Muslims in Azerbaijan are Shia, [15] [16] and 55–75% in Bahrain.