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Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction between molecular hydrogen (H 2) and another compound or element, usually in the presence of a catalyst such as nickel, palladium or platinum. The process is commonly employed to reduce or saturate organic compounds. Hydrogenation typically constitutes the addition of pairs of hydrogen atoms to a molecule ...
Fat hydrogenation is the process of combining unsaturated fat with hydrogen in order to partially or completely convert it into saturated fat. Typically this hydrogenation is done with liquid vegetable oils resulting in solid or semi-solid fats .
The hydrogenation of a methenyl-H4MPT+ occurs instead of H 2 oxidation/production, which is the case for the other two types of hydrogenases. While the exact mechanism of the catalysis is still under study, recent finding suggests that molecular hydrogen is first heterolytically cleaved by Fe(II), followed by transfer of hydride to the ...
The hydrogenation process was widely adopted by the food industry in the early 1900s; first for the production of margarine, a replacement for butter and shortening, [37] and eventually for various other fats used in snack food, packaged baked goods, and deep fried products. [17] Full hydrogenation of a fat or oil produces a fully saturated fat.
The 2001 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was also related to l-DOPA: the Nobel Committee awarded one-quarter of the prize to William S. Knowles for his work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions, the most noted example of which was used for the synthesis of l-DOPA. [14] [15] [16] Synthesis of l-DOPA via hydrogenation with C 2-symmetric ...
Lipid peroxidation, or lipid oxidation, is a complex chemical process that leads to oxidative degradation of lipids, [1] resulting in the formation of peroxide and hydroperoxide derivatives. [2] It occurs when free radicals , specifically reactive oxygen species (ROS), interact with lipids within cell membranes , typically polyunsaturated fatty ...
These residues are formed are formed by hydroxylation of phenylalanine and tyrosine, a process in which the hydroxylation converts phenylalanine residues into tyrosine residues. [6] Hydroxylation at C-3 of tyrosine gives 3,4- dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), which is a precursor to hormones and can be converted into dopamine .
Deamination is the removal of an amino group from a molecule. [1] Enzymes that catalyse this reaction are called deaminases.. In the human body, deamination takes place primarily in the liver; however, it can also occur in the kidney.