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Logging is the process of cutting down trees for timber or other purposes. [18] [19] [20] It is a major industry in many parts of the world, and it is essential for providing wood for construction, furniture, and other products. There are two main types of logging: Clear-cutting: This is the practice of cutting down all of the trees in an area.
Trees are cut down for use as building material, timber or sold as fuel (sometimes in the form of charcoal or timber), while cleared land is used as pasture for livestock and agricultural crops. The vast majority of agricultural activity resulting in deforestation is subsidized by government tax revenue . [ 89 ]
Slash-and-burn agriculture is a farming method that involves the cutting and burning of plants in a forest or woodland to create a field called a swidden. The method begins by cutting down the trees and woody plants in an area. The downed vegetation, or "slash", is then left to dry, usually right before the rainiest part of the year.
A meta-analysis found that mixed species plantations would increase carbon storage alongside other benefits of diversifying planted forests. [66] Although a bamboo forest stores less total carbon than a mature forest of trees, a bamboo plantation sequesters carbon at a much faster rate than a mature forest or a tree plantation. Therefore, the ...
The forest is a natural system that can supply different products and services. Forests supply water, mitigate climate change, provide habitats for wildlife including many pollinators which are essential for sustainable food production, provide timber and fuelwood, serve as a source of non-wood forest products including food and medicine, and contribute to rural livelihoods.
Each year, the Australian economy loses $20 billion in food waste. This has a crucial environmental impact through the waste of resources used to produce, manufacture, package, and distribute that food. [99] In addition, it is estimated that 7.6 million tonnes of CO 2 is generated by the disposed food in landfills. It is also the cause of odour ...
Fishing down the food web. The environmental impact of fishing can be divided into issues that involve the availability of fish to be caught, such as overfishing, sustainable fisheries, and fisheries management; and issues that involve the impact of fishing on other elements of the environment, such as by-catch and destruction of habitat such ...
Trees can benefit fauna in a silvopasture system, where cattle, goats, or sheep browse on grasses grown under trees. [17] [85] In hot climates, the animals are less stressed and put on weight faster when grazing in a cooler, shaded environment. The leaves of trees or shrubs can also serve as fodder. Similar systems support other fauna.