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The bigfloat type improves on the C++ floating-point types by allowing for the significand (also commonly called mantissa) to be set to an arbitrary level of precision instead of following the IEEE standard. LEDA's real type allows for precise representations of real numbers, and can be used to compute the sign of a radical expression. [1]
The edge-connectivity for a graph with at least 2 vertices is less than or equal to the minimum degree of the graph because removing all the edges that are incident to a vertex of minimum degree will disconnect that vertex from the rest of the graph. [1] For a vertex-transitive graph of degree d, we have: 2(d + 1)/3 ≤ κ(G) ≤ λ(G) = d. [11]
In computer science, a graph is an abstract data type that is meant to implement the undirected graph and directed graph concepts from the field of graph theory within mathematics. A graph data structure consists of a finite (and possibly mutable) set of vertices (also called nodes or points ), together with a set of unordered pairs of these ...
A different method uses an inductive construction of 3-connected graphs to incrementally build planar embeddings of every 3-connected component of G (and hence a planar embedding of G itself). [19] The construction starts with K 4 and is defined in such a way that every intermediate graph on the way to the full component is again 3-connected ...
A complete bipartite graph with m = 5 and n = 3 The Heawood graph is bipartite.. In the mathematical field of graph theory, a bipartite graph (or bigraph) is a graph whose vertices can be divided into two disjoint and independent sets and , that is, every edge connects a vertex in to one in .
A biconnected undirected graph is a connected graph that is not broken into disconnected pieces by deleting any single vertex (and its incident edges).. A biconnected directed graph is one such that for any two vertices v and w there are two directed paths from v to w which have no vertices in common other than v and w.
It remains NP-complete for bounded-degree planar graphs, [4] split graphs, bipartite graphs and their complements, line graphs of bipartite graphs, [5] unit disk graphs, [6] interval graphs of diameter 2 and permutation graphs of diameter 2, [7] and graphs of bounded treewidth.
For instance, in the octahedron graph, shown in the figure, each vertex has a neighbourhood isomorphic to a cycle of four vertices, so the octahedron is locally C 4. For example: Any complete graph K n is locally K n-1. The only graphs that are locally complete are disjoint unions of complete graphs. A Turán graph T(rs,r) is locally T((r-1)s,r ...