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The seven lattice systems and their Bravais lattices in three dimensions. In geometry and crystallography, a Bravais lattice, named after Auguste Bravais (), [1] is an infinite array of discrete points generated by a set of discrete translation operations described in three dimensional space by
The degree of translation is then added as a subscript showing how far along the axis the translation is, as a portion of the parallel lattice vector. For example, 2 1 is a 180° (twofold) rotation followed by a translation of 1 / 2 of the lattice vector. 3 1 is a 120° (threefold) rotation followed by a translation of 1 / 3 of ...
A lattice system is a set of Bravais lattices (an infinite array of discrete points). Space groups (symmetry groups of a configuration in space) are classified into crystal systems according to their point groups, and into lattice systems according to their Bravais lattices.
The following table gives the crystalline structure of the most thermodynamically stable form(s) for elements that are solid at standard temperature and pressure. Each element is shaded by a color representing its respective Bravais lattice, except that all orthorhombic lattices are grouped together.
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In either case, there are 3 lattice points per unit cell in total and the lattice is non-primitive. The Bravais lattices in the hexagonal crystal family can also be described by rhombohedral axes. [4] The unit cell is a rhombohedron (which gives the name for the rhombohedral lattice). This is a unit cell with parameters a = b = c; α = β = γ ...
The letters A, B and C were formerly used instead of S. When the centred face cuts the X axis, the Bravais lattice is called A-centred. In analogy, when the centred face cuts the Y or Z axis, we have B- or C-centring respectively. [5] The fourteen possible Bravais lattices are identified by the first two letters: