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ConeBeam computerized tomography image of a post-operative orthognathic surgery. Oral and maxillofacial radiology, also known as dental and maxillofacial radiology, or even more common DentoMaxilloFacial Radiology, is the specialty of dentistry concerned with performance and interpretation of diagnostic imaging used for examining the craniofacial, dental and adjacent structures.
Dental radiographs, commonly known as X-rays, are radiographs used to diagnose hidden dental structures, malignant or benign masses, bone loss, and cavities.. A radiographic image is formed by a controlled burst of X-ray radiation which penetrates oral structures at different levels, depending on varying anatomical densities, before striking the film or sensor.
3DXRD measurements are performed using various experimental geometries. The classical 3DXRD setup is similar to the conventional tomography setting used at synchrotrons: [6] the sample, mounted on a rotation stage, is illuminated using quasi-parallel monochromatic X-ray beam.
The resulting map of the directions of the X-rays far from the sample is called a diffraction pattern. It is different from X-ray crystallography which exploits X-ray diffraction to determine the arrangement of atoms in materials, and also has other components such as ways to map from experimental diffraction measurements to the positions of atoms.
Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is a small-angle scattering technique by which nanoscale density differences in a sample can be quantified. This means that it can determine nanoparticle size distributions, resolve the size and shape of (monodisperse) macromolecules, determine pore sizes and characteristic distances of partially ordered materials. [1]
XRD may refer to: X-ray diffraction , used to study the structure, composition, and physical properties of materials Extensible Resource Descriptor , an XML format for discovery of metadata about a web resource
The detector end of a simple x-ray diffractometer with an area detector. The direction of the X-rays is indicated with the red arrow. A typical diffractometer consists of a source of radiation, a monochromator to choose the wavelength, slits to adjust the shape of the beam, a sample and a detector.
X-ray diffraction (XRD) computed tomography (CT) was first introduced in 1987 by Harding et al. [1] using a laboratory diffractometer and a monochromatic X-ray pencil beam. The first implementation of the technique at synchrotron facilities was performed in 1998 by Kleuker et al. [2]