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  2. Radical substitution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_substitution

    In organic chemistry, a radical-substitution reaction is a substitution reaction involving free radicals as a reactive intermediate. [1] The reaction always involves at least two steps, and possibly a third. In the first step called initiation (2,3), a free radical is created by homolysis.

  3. Elimination reaction of free radicals - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elimination_reaction_of...

    Radicals can undergo a disproportionation reaction through a radical elimination mechanism (See Fig. 1). Here a radical abstracts a hydrogen atom from another same radical to form two non-radical species: an alkane and an alkene. Radicals can also undergo an elimination reaction to generate a new radical as the leaving group.

  4. Free-radical addition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free-radical_addition

    Chain termination: Two radicals react with each other to create a non-radical species; In a free-radical addition, there are two chain propagation steps. In one, the adding radical attaches to a multiply-bonded precursor to give a radical with lesser bond order. In the other, the newly-formed radical product abstracts another substituent from ...

  5. Radical (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_(chemistry)

    Lewis dot structure of a Hydroxide ion compared to a hydroxyl radical. In chemistry, a radical, also known as a free radical, is an atom, molecule, or ion that has at least one unpaired valence electron. [1] [2] With some exceptions, these unpaired electrons make radicals highly chemically reactive. Many radicals spontaneously dimerize. Most ...

  6. Substitution reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substitution_reaction

    Substitution reactions are of prime importance in organic chemistry. Substitution reactions in organic chemistry are classified either as electrophilic or nucleophilic depending upon the reagent involved, whether a reactive intermediate involved in the reaction is a carbocation, a carbanion or a free radical, and whether the substrate is ...

  7. Hydrogen atom abstraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_atom_abstraction

    In chemistry, hydrogen atom abstraction, or hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), refers to a class of chemical reactions where a hydrogen free radical (a neutral hydrogen atom) is removed from a substrate, another molecule. This process follows the general equation:

  8. Chain termination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_termination

    The termination steps of free radical polymerization steps are of two types: recombination and disproportionation. [2] In a recombination step, two growing chain radicals (denoted by •) form a covalent bond in a single stable molecule. For the example of a vinyl polymer,

  9. Chemical reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_reaction

    In the third type of substitution reaction, radical substitution, the attacking particle is a radical. [44] This process usually takes the form of a chain reaction, for example in the reaction of alkanes with halogens. In the first step, light or heat disintegrates the halogen-containing molecules producing radicals.

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