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A digestive tubule cell of the sea slug Elysia clarki, packed with chloroplasts taken from green algae. C = chloroplast, N = cell nucleus. Electron micrograph: scale bar is 3 μm. Kleptoplasty or kleptoplastidy is a process in symbiotic relationships whereby plastids, notably chloroplasts from algae, are sequestered by the host
A chloroplast (/ ˈ k l ɔːr ə ˌ p l æ s t,-p l ɑː s t /) [1] [2] is a type of organelle known as a plastid that conducts photosynthesis mostly in plant and algal cells. Chloroplasts have a high concentration of chlorophyll pigments which capture the energy from sunlight and convert it to chemical energy and release oxygen.
During the Second World War biological collections, like the herbarium in Berlin have been destroyed. This led to the loss of type specimens. [7] [8] In some cases only kleptotypes have survived the destruction, as the type material had been removed from their original collections. [8]
Costasiella kuroshimae is a selective feeder of algae from the genus Avrainvillea, [5] from which it sequesters chloroplasts into its own cells, retaining them for short-term photosynthesis. Even in the absence of active photosynthesis, chloroplasts provide a nutrient storage or "larder" that facilitates the survival of the slug without food ...
The standard chloroplast transit peptide then acts to cross the remaining two layers via TIC/TOC complex. [7] The chlorarachniophytes, on the other hand, has no such thing as a cER, hence the initial import into the epiplastid space must occur by some other mechanism. It's only known that their plastid-targeted proteins are prefixed by both a ...
Spirogyra (common names include water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed) is a genus of filamentous charophyte green algae of the order Zygnematales, named for the helical or spiral arrangement of the chloroplasts that is characteristic of the genus.
The origin of the chloroplasts from green algae is supported by their pigmentation, which includes chlorophylls a and b, and by genetic similarities. The only other groups of algae that contain nucleomorphs are a few species of dinoflagellates , which also have plastids originating from green algae, [ 6 ] and the cryptomonads , which acquired ...
Chlorophytes are eukaryotic organisms composed of cells with a variety of coverings or walls, and usually a single green chloroplast in each cell. [4] They are structurally diverse: most groups of chlorophytes are unicellular, such as the earliest-diverging prasinophytes, but in two major classes (Chlorophyceae and Ulvophyceae) there is an evolutionary trend toward various types of complex ...