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Congenital TEF can arise due to failed fusion of the tracheoesophageal ridges after the fourth week of embryological development. [4] A fistula, from the Latin meaning 'a pipe', is an abnormal connection running either between two tubes or between a tube and a surface. In tracheo-esophageal fistula it runs between the trachea and the esophagus.
A tracheo-esophageal puncture (or tracheoesophageal puncture) is a surgically created hole between the trachea (windpipe) and the esophagus (food pipe) in a person who has had a total laryngectomy, a surgery where the larynx (voice box) is removed. The purpose of the puncture is to restore a person’s ability to speak after the vocal cords ...
Twenty to 27% of individuals with a laryngeal cleft also have a tracheoesophageal fistula and approximately 6% of individuals with a fistula also have a cleft. [4] Other congenital anomalies commonly associated with laryngeal cleft are gastro-oesophageal reflux, tracheobronchomalacia, congenital heart defect, dextrocardia and situs inversus. [5]
TEF (tracheoesophageal fistula) ONLY with no Esophageal Atresia, H-Type Esophagus fully intact and capable of its normal functions, however, there is an abnormal connection between the esophagus and the trachea.
T - Tracheoesophageal fistula; E - Esophageal atresia; R - Renal (Kidney) and/or radial anomalies; L - Limb defects; Although it was not conclusive whether VACTERL should be defined by at least two or three component defects, [4] it is typically defined by the presence of at least three of the above congenital malformations. [5]
Own work and Tracheoesophageal Fistula Types.JPG: Author: Jmarchn: SVG development . The SVG code is . This vector image was created with Inkscape.
A tracheoesophageal fistula is a congenital defect in which the trachea and esophagus are abnormally connected (a fistula). This is because of abnormalities in the separation between the trachea and oesophagus during development. [6]
Esophageal atresia (EA) is a rare congenital malformation characterized by a lack of continuity between the lower and upper esophageal pouches, often associated with tracheoesophageal fistula. [7] Esophageal atresia with or without tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is the most common birth defect of the esophagus.