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Nitrochlorobenzene is typically synthesized by nitration of chlorobenzene in the presence of sulfuric acid: C 6 H 5 Cl + HNO 3 → O 2 NC 6 H 4 Cl + H 2 O. This reaction affords a mixture of isomers. Using an acid ratio of 30/56/14, the product mix is typically 34-36% 2-nitrochlorobenzene and 63-65% 4-nitrochlorobenzene, with only about 1% 3 ...
The U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health considers 4-nitrochlorobenzene as a potential occupational carcinogen. [7] The Occupational Safety and Health Administration set a permissible exposure limit of 1 mg/m 3 The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists recommends an airborne exposure limit of 0.64 mg/m 3 over a time-weighted average of eight hours.
Nitrochlorobenzene is typically synthesized by nitration of chlorobenzene in the presence of sulfuric acid: . C 6 H 5 Cl + HNO 3 → O 2 NC 6 H 4 Cl + H 2 O. This reaction affords a mixture of isomers.
The nitration of 1,2-dichlorobenzene mainly produces 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene, together with smaller amounts of the 3-nitro isomer. It can also be prepared by chlorination of 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene. [1] One of the chlorides is reactive toward nucleophiles.
One of several isomers of dichloronitrobenzene, it is a yellow solid that is insoluble in water. It is produced by nitration of 1,4-dichlorobenzene. It is a precursor to many derivatives of commercial interest. Hydrogenation gives 1,4-dichloroaniline.
The phrase ipso nitration was first used by Perrin and Skinner in 1971, in an investigation into chloroanisole nitration. [18] In one protocol, 4-chloro- n -butylbenzene is reacted with sodium nitrite in t -butanol in the presence of 0.5 mol% Pd 2 (dba) 3 , a biarylphosphine ligand and a phase-transfer catalyst to provide 4-nitro- n -butylbenzene.
Other methods afford the compound less efficiently include the chlorination of 1,3-dinitrobenzene, nitration of o-nitrochlorobenzene and the dinitration of chlorobenzene. [3] By virtue of the two nitro substituents, the chloride in DNCB is particularly susceptible to nucleophilic substitution, at least relative to simple chlorobenzene. In this ...
1,2-Dichlorobenzene is obtained as a side-product of the production of chlorobenzene: C 6 H 5 Cl + Cl 2 → C 6 H 4 Cl 2 + HCl. The reaction also affords the 1,4- and small amounts of the 1,3-isomer. The 1,4- isomer is preferred over the 1,2- isomer due to steric hindrance.