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Continuous complexity theory can also refer to complexity theory of the use of analog computation, which uses continuous dynamical systems and differential equations. [18] Control theory can be considered a form of computation and differential equations are used in the modelling of continuous-time and hybrid discrete-continuous-time systems.
Computational complexity theory, a field in theoretical computer science and mathematics; Complex systems theory, the study of the complexity in context of complex systems; Assembly theory, a way of characterizing extraterrestrial molecular complexity to assess the probability of the presence of life
Complexity theory emphasizes interactions and the accompanying feedback loops that constantly change systems. While it proposes that systems are unpredictable, they are also constrained by order-generating rules. [6]: 74 Complexity theory has been used in the fields of strategic management and organizational studies.
The quantum complexity class BQP is the class of problems solvable in polynomial time on a quantum Turing machine. By adding postselection , a larger class called PostBQP is obtained. Informally, postselection gives the computer the following power: whenever some event (such as measuring a qubit in a certain state) has nonzero probability, you ...
In computational complexity theory, a problem is NP-complete when: It is a decision problem, meaning that for any input to the problem, the output is either "yes" or "no". When the answer is "yes", this can be demonstrated through the existence of a short (polynomial length) solution.
The Hamiltonian path problem and the Hamiltonian cycle problem belong to the class of NP-complete problems, as shown in Michael Garey and David S. Johnson's book Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness and Richard Karp's list of 21 NP-complete problems. [2] [3]
In computational complexity theory, NP (nondeterministic polynomial time) is a complexity class used to classify decision problems. NP is the set of decision problems for which the problem instances , where the answer is "yes", have proofs verifiable in polynomial time by a deterministic Turing machine , or alternatively the set of problems ...
Quantum complexity theory is the subfield of computational complexity theory that deals with complexity classes defined using quantum computers, a computational model based on quantum mechanics. It studies the hardness of computational problems in relation to these complexity classes, as well as the relationship between quantum complexity ...