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Continuous complexity theory can also refer to complexity theory of the use of analog computation, which uses continuous dynamical systems and differential equations. [18] Control theory can be considered a form of computation and differential equations are used in the modelling of continuous-time and hybrid discrete-continuous-time systems.
The quantum complexity class BQP is the class of problems solvable in polynomial time on a quantum Turing machine. By adding postselection , a larger class called PostBQP is obtained. Informally, postselection gives the computer the following power: whenever some event (such as measuring a qubit in a certain state) has nonzero probability, you ...
Complexity theory emphasizes interactions and the accompanying feedback loops that constantly change systems. While it proposes that systems are unpredictable, they are also constrained by order-generating rules. [6]: 74 Complexity theory has been used in the fields of strategic management and organizational studies.
Overview of the Probably Approximately Correct (PAC) Learning Framework. An introduction to the topic. L. Valiant. Probably Approximately Correct. Basic Books, 2013. In which Valiant argues that PAC learning describes how organisms evolve and learn. Littlestone, N.; Warmuth, M. K. (June 10, 1986). "Relating Data Compression and Learnability" (PDF).
Example of an instance of set cover problem. The set cover problem is a classical question in combinatorics, computer science, operations research, and complexity theory. ...
Descriptive complexity is a branch of computational complexity theory and of finite model theory that characterizes complexity classes by the type of logic needed to express the languages in them. For example, PH , the union of all complexity classes in the polynomial hierarchy, is precisely the class of languages expressible by statements of ...
As part of the study of the complexity of computing polynomials, some clever circuits (alternatively algorithms) were found. A well-known example is Strassen's algorithm for matrix product . The straightforward way for computing the product of two n × n {\displaystyle n\times n} matrices requires a circuit of size order n 3 . {\displaystyle n ...
Quantum complexity theory is the subfield of computational complexity theory that deals with complexity classes defined using quantum computers, a computational model based on quantum mechanics. It studies the hardness of computational problems in relation to these complexity classes, as well as the relationship between quantum complexity ...