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The percentage is a mass concentration, so a 5% glucose/dextrose solution contains 50 g/L of glucose/dextrose (5 g per 100 ml). This usage is imprecise but widely used, as discussed at Mass concentration (chemistry) § Usage in biology. Glucose provides energy 4 kcal/gram, so a 5% glucose solution provides 0.2 kcal/ml.
Intravenous sodium bicarbonate, also known as sodium hydrogen carbonate, is a medication primarily used to treat severe metabolic acidosis. [2] For this purpose it is generally only used when the pH is less than 7.1 and when the underlying cause is either diarrhea , vomiting , or the kidneys . [ 3 ]
Sodium bicarbonate (IUPAC name: sodium hydrogencarbonate [9]), commonly known as baking soda or bicarbonate of soda, is a chemical compound with the formula NaHCO 3. It is a salt composed of a sodium cation (Na +) and a bicarbonate anion (HCO 3 −). Sodium bicarbonate is a white solid that is crystalline but often appears as a
Insulin glargine is a long-acting modified form of medical insulin used in the management of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. [89] It is administered through subcutaneous injection. Its effects typically begin within an hour of injection. [89] Common side effects include (hypoglycemia, issues at the injection site, itchiness, and weight gain. [89]
One international unit of insulin (1 IU) is defined as the "biological equivalent" of 34.7 μg pure crystalline insulin. [citation needed] The first definition of a unit of insulin was the amount required to induce hypoglycemia in a rabbit. This was set by James Collip at the University of Toronto in 1922. Of course, this was dependent on the ...
3 + 2 H 3 O +. A bicarbonate salt forms when a positively charged ion attaches to the negatively charged oxygen atoms of the ion, forming an ionic compound. Many bicarbonates are soluble in water at standard temperature and pressure; in particular, sodium bicarbonate contributes to total dissolved solids, a common parameter for assessing water ...
In general, insulin is given at 0.1 units/kg per hour to reduce blood sugars and suppress ketone production. Guidelines differ as to which dose to use when blood sugar levels start falling; American guidelines recommend reducing the dose of insulin once glucose falls below 16.6 mmol/L (300 mg/dL) [3] and UK guidelines at 14 mmol/L (253 mg/dL). [6]
Intravenous therapy (abbreviated as IV therapy) is a medical technique that administers fluids, medications and nutrients directly into a person's vein.The intravenous route of administration is commonly used for rehydration or to provide nutrients for those who cannot, or will not—due to reduced mental states or otherwise—consume food or water by mouth.