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The human gallbladder is a hollow grey-blue organ that sits in a shallow depression below the right lobe of the liver. [2] In adults, the gallbladder measures approximately 7 to 10 centimetres (2.8 to 3.9 inches) in length and 4 centimetres (1.6 in) in diameter when fully distended. [3]
The bile duct is some 6–8 cm long, and normally up to 8 mm in diameter. [4]Its proximal supraduodenal part is situated within the free edge of the lesser omentum.Its middle retroduodenal part is oriented inferiorly and right-ward, and is situated posterior to the first part of the duodenum, and anterior to the inferior vena cava.
Abdominal aortic aneurysms are commonly divided according to their size and symptomatology. An aneurysm is usually defined as an outer aortic diameter over 3 cm (normal diameter of the aorta is around 2 cm), [43] or more than 50% of normal diameter. [44] If the outer diameter exceeds 5.5 cm, the aneurysm is considered to be large. [42]
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a sudden inflammation of the pancreas.Causes include a gallstone impacted in the common bile duct or the pancreatic duct, heavy alcohol use, systemic disease, trauma, elevated calcium levels, hypertriglyceridemia (with triglycerides usually being very elevated, over 1000 mg/dL), certain medications, hereditary causes and, in children, mumps.
1.1 Acute pancreatitis not secondary to gallstones. 1.2 Acute pancreatitis secondary to gallstones. 2 Alternatives. ... (at least 30% glandular necrosis according to ...
The age of onset shows a bimodal distribution in women, with episodes peaking at 35 and 55 years. [59] Recurrence rates are estimated at 50% over a 10-year and 75% over 20-year period, [21] with some people experiencing ten or more episodes over the course of a lifetime. [76] A 2010 review concluded that rates of disease are increasing. [119]
Extraction of choledocholithiasis and/or intrahepatic stones: choledocholithiasis is the presence of gallstones within the common bile duct. They can be either primary (formed within the duct) or secondary (entering the duct from the gallbladder). Biliary endoscopic sphincterotomy allows for opening of the sphincter of Oddi, allowing stones to ...
Duodenum: A short structure (about 20–25 cm long [18]) that receives chyme from the stomach, together with pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes and bile from the gall bladder. The digestive enzymes break down proteins, and bile emulsifies fats into micelles .